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NURS B202 > CH. 24 Infection Control > Flashcards

CH. 24 Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

aerobic

A

requiring oxygen to live and grow

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2
Q

airborne transmission

A

spreading of microorganisms that are less than 5 mcm when an infected host coughs, sneezes, or talks, or when the organism becomes attached to dust particles

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3
Q

anaerobic

A

capable of living without oxygen

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4
Q

antibody

A

immunoglobin produced by the body in a response to a specific antigen

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5
Q

antigen

A

foreign material capable or inducing a specific immune response

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6
Q

antimicrobial

A

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

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7
Q

asepsis

A

absence of disease producing microorganisms, using methods to prevent infection

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8
Q

bacteria

A

the most significant and most commonly observed infection causing agents

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9
Q

bundles

A

evidence based best practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection

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10
Q

colonization

A

presence of an organism residing in an individuals body with no clinical signs of infection

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11
Q

direct contact

A

way for organisms to enter the body that involves proximity between the susceptible host and an infected person or a carrier, such as though touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse

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12
Q

disinfection

A

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

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13
Q

endemic

A

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location

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14
Q

endogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored witihin the person

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15
Q

exogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

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16
Q

fomite

A

objects or material which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils and furniture

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17
Q

fungi

A

plant like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection

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18
Q

health care-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection that was not present on admission to a health care institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)

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19
Q

host

A

animal or person on or within which microorganisms live

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20
Q

iatrogenic

A

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

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21
Q

indirect contact

A

personal contact with either a vector, a living creature that transmits an infection agent to a human, usually an insect, or an inanimate object, called a fomite, such as equipment or countertops

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22
Q

infection

A

disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

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23
Q

isolation

A

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganism, also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniues

24
Q

medical asepsis

A

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens, synonym for clean technique

25
Q

nosocomial

A

something originating or taking place in the hospital. (ie infection)

26
Q

parasites

A

organisms that lives on or in a host and relies on it for nourishment

27
Q

pathogens

A

disease-producing microorganism

28
Q

PPE

A

gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or preven t the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material

29
Q

reservoir

A

natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

30
Q

standard precautions

A

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status, this category combines universal and body substance precautions

31
Q

sterilization

A

1) the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed 2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile

32
Q

surgical asepsis

A

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; syn for sterile technique

33
Q

transmission-based precautions

A

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions

34
Q

vector

A

nonhuman carriers - such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice - that transmit organisms from one host to another

35
Q

virulence

A

ability to produce disease

36
Q

virus

A

smallest of all microorganisms, can be seen using an electron microscope

37
Q

Common Points of Entry/ Common Points of Exit

A

the skin and respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts are common portals for entry and exit.

38
Q

Four categories responsible for a majority of HAIs

A

Catheter associated UTIs (CAUTI)
Surgical site infection (SSI)
Central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)

39
Q

Cause of Most HAIs

A

C. Diff, S. aureus, Streptoccocus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species

40
Q

Prevention of CAUTIs

A
  1. prevention of inappropriate short term urinary catheter use
  2. timely removal of catheters that is nurse driven
  3. catheter care during placement
41
Q

Multidrug resistant organisms

A

methicillin- resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA)
vancomycin-resistant Staph. aureus (VRSA)
carbapenem- resistant Enterbacteriaceae (CRE)

42
Q

CDC four core action to fight resistant strains

A

Prevention, tracking, improving antibiotic prescribing/stewardship, developing new drugs and diagnostic tests

43
Q

VRSA, VISA, VRE

A

Pts at risk: kidney disease or diabetes, previous MRSA infection, presence of invasive catheter, or recent exposure to vancomycin

44
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

gram -
found typically in war wounds
antibiotic resistant
Risk: length of hospital stay, resp infection and longterm antibiotic use

45
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

mostly seen in older adults
typically found in normal gi tract
when longterm antibiotics are taken, helpful bacteria is destroyed and c. diff becomes out of control
S&S: watery diarrhea, fever and mild abdominal cramping

46
Q

Reduce transmission of C. diff

A
  1. avoid using electronic equipment that is difficult to clean
  2. disinfecting dedicated pt care items and equpment between pts
  3. using full barrier contact precautions
  4. placing pts in private rooms, cohort pts with the same strain of CDI
  5. performing meticulous hand hygiene
  6. performing environmental contamination of rooms
  7. education health providers on clinical presentation, transmission, and epidemiology
47
Q

Methods of Sterilization and Disinfection

A

Steam (high temps caused by higher pressure destroys organisms)
Boiling water (in home, simple and inexpensive)
Dry heat (used for metal items. 350 for 2 or more hours)
Radiation (pharmaceuticals, foods, plastics, and other heat sensitive items)
Ethylene oxide gas (destroys microorganisms and spores)
Chemical solutions (used for instrument and equipment disinfection and for housekeeping disinfection)

48
Q

Products that contain Latex

A

gloves, bp cuffs, electrode pads, stethoscopes, IV tubing, Urinary catheters, Tqs, syringes, surgical masks, and baby bottle nipples and pacifiers

49
Q

Products that contain Latex

A

gloves, bp cuffs, electrode pads, stethoscopes, IV tubing, Urinary catheters, Tqs, syringes, surgical masks, and baby bottle nipples and pacifiers

50
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

Offenders: tb, varicella, rubeola, and possibly SARS. -place pt in a private room that has monitored negative air pressure in relation to surrounding areas, 6-12 air changes per hour, and appropriate discharge or air outside, or monitored filtration if air is recirculated..
Wear respirator when entering room.

51
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

Offender: rubella, mumps, diptheria, and adenovirus.
Precautions: use private room, PPE, keep visitors 3 ft away

52
Q

Contact precautions

A

for multidrug resistant microorganism

  • private room if available
  • PPE, remove before leaving room
  • limit movement of pt out of the room
  • observe contact precautions in the presence of excessive wound drainage, fecal incontinence, or other discharges from the body
53
Q

Contact precautions

A

for multidrug resistant microorganism

  • private room if available
  • PPE, remove before leaving room
  • limit movement of pt out of the room
54
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

A
  1. Before touching a pt
  2. before a clean or aseptic procedure
  3. after body fluid exposure risk
  4. after touching a pt
  5. after touching a patients surroundings
55
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

A
  1. Before touching a pt
  2. before a clean or aseptic procedure
  3. after body fluid exposure risk
  4. after touching a pt
  5. after touching a patients surroundings
56
Q

Hand Hygiene. When?

A
  • before and after contact with each patient
  • before putting on gloves
  • before performing any invasive procedures
  • after accidental contact with body fluids or excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, and wound dressings
  • when moving from a contaminated body site to a clean body site during patient care
  • after contact with inanimate objects near the patient
  • after removal of gloves
57
Q

Alcohol based handrubs

A

contains 60-90% alcohol concentration

  • used if not visibly soiled
  • no contact with blood or body fluids
  • may be used before inserting catheters, perpheral vascular catheters, or invasive devices that do not require surgical placement,. before donning sterile gloves, and if moving from a contaminated body site to a clean site during pt care
  • handwashing required if in contact with, anthrax, norovirus, or C. diff

NURS B202 (23 decks)

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