Ch. 33 Activity Flashcards
Labyrinthine sense
the sensory organs in the inner ear provide this sense of position, orientation, and movement. Body movements (changes in head position) stimulates the sensory organs, which then transmit these impulses to the cerebellum
Proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense
this informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating special nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and fascia
Visual or optic relfexes
visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment (nearness of ceilings, walls, furniture, condition of floor ,etc)
Extensor or stretch reflexes
when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point (when knees buckle under) their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture
Ergonomics
the practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker and provides a means for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injuries
Patient care ergonomics
practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care
Orthopedics
the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion
tonus
term used to describe the state of slight contraction - the usual state of skeletal muscle
contractures
permanent contraction of muscle
activity exercise
joint movement activated by the person
flaccidity
decreaed muscle tone, hypotonicity
footdrop
complication resulting from extended plantar flexion
isokinetic exercise
exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate
isometric exercise
exercise in which muscle tension occurs without significant change in muscle length
isotonic exercise
movement in which muscles shorten and move
paresis
impaired muscle strength or weakness
passive exercise
manual or mechanical means of moving the joints
spasticity
increased muscle tone
Bone classification
long, short, flat, irregular
Joints: Fibrous
immovable, sutures between bones of skull
Joints: Cartilaginous
slightly movable, pubic symphysis, joints between bodies of vertebrae
Joints: Synovial:
freely moveable, gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket joints
Condyloid Joint
oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone, flexion, extension and abduction adduction can occur
saddle joint
bone surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other, flexion extension, adduction abduction, circumduction and opposition
Abduction
lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
adduction
lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
circumduction
turning in circular motion, combines abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion
Flexion
the state of being bent
extension
the state of being in a straight line
hyperextension
the state of exaggerated extension. it often results in a angle greater than 180 degrees
dorsiflexion
backwards bending of the hand or foot
plantar flexion
flexion of the foot
rotation
turning on an axit, the turning of a body part on the axis provided by its joint
internal rotation
a body part turning on its own axis toward the midline of the body
external rotation
a body part turning on its axis away from the midline of the body
Pronation
the assumption of the prone position
supination
assumption of the supine position
inversion
movement of the sole of the foot inward
eversion
movement of the sole of the foot outward
opposition
rotation of the thumb around its long access
tendon
muscle to bone
ligament
cartilage to bone
