Ch. 33 Activity

Question 1

Labyrinthine sense

Answer 1

the sensory organs in the inner ear provide this sense of position, orientation, and movement. Body movements (changes in head position) stimulates the sensory organs, which then transmit these impulses to the cerebellum

Question 2

Proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense

Answer 2

this informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating special nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and fascia

Question 3

Visual or optic relfexes

Answer 3

visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment (nearness of ceilings, walls, furniture, condition of floor ,etc)

Question 4

Extensor or stretch reflexes

Answer 4

when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point (when knees buckle under) their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture

Question 5

Ergonomics

Answer 5

the practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker and provides a means for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injuries

Question 6

Patient care ergonomics

Answer 6

practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care

Question 7

Orthopedics

Answer 7

the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion

Question 8

tonus

Answer 8

term used to describe the state of slight contraction - the usual state of skeletal muscle

Question 9

contractures

Answer 9

permanent contraction of muscle

Question 10

activity exercise

Answer 10

joint movement activated by the person

Question 11

flaccidity

Answer 11

decreaed muscle tone, hypotonicity

Question 12

footdrop

Answer 12

complication resulting from extended plantar flexion

Question 13

isokinetic exercise

Answer 13

exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate

Question 14

isometric exercise

Answer 14

exercise in which muscle tension occurs without significant change in muscle length

Question 15

isotonic exercise

Answer 15

movement in which muscles shorten and move

Question 16

paresis

Answer 16

impaired muscle strength or weakness

Question 17

passive exercise

Answer 17

manual or mechanical means of moving the joints

Question 18

spasticity

Answer 18

increased muscle tone

Question 19

Bone classification

Answer 19

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 20

Joints: Fibrous

Answer 20

immovable, sutures between bones of skull

Question 21

Joints: Cartilaginous

Answer 21

slightly movable, pubic symphysis, joints between bodies of vertebrae

Question 22

Joints: Synovial:

Answer 22

freely moveable, gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket joints

Question 23

Condyloid Joint

Answer 23

oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone, flexion, extension and abduction adduction can occur

Question 24

saddle joint

Answer 24

bone surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other, flexion extension, adduction abduction, circumduction and opposition

Question 25

Abduction

Answer 25

lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Question 26

adduction

Answer 26

lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Question 27

circumduction

Answer 27

turning in circular motion, combines abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion

Question 28

Flexion

Answer 28

the state of being bent

Question 29

extension

Answer 29

the state of being in a straight line

Question 30

hyperextension

Answer 30

the state of exaggerated extension. it often results in a angle greater than 180 degrees

Question 31

dorsiflexion

Answer 31

backwards bending of the hand or foot

Question 32

plantar flexion

Answer 32

flexion of the foot

Question 33

rotation

Answer 33

turning on an axit, the turning of a body part on the axis provided by its joint

Question 34

internal rotation

Answer 34

a body part turning on its own axis toward the midline of the body

Question 35

external rotation

Answer 35

a body part turning on its axis away from the midline of the body

Question 36

Pronation

Answer 36

the assumption of the prone position

Question 37

supination

Answer 37

assumption of the supine position

Question 38

inversion

Answer 38

movement of the sole of the foot inward

Question 39

eversion

Answer 39

movement of the sole of the foot outward

Question 40

opposition

Answer 40

rotation of the thumb around its long access

Question 41

tendon

Answer 41

muscle to bone

Question 42

ligament

Answer 42

cartilage to bone