Ch 32 Key Terms Flashcards
adaptive athlete
a person with a physical or intellectual disability who participates in a sport.
adaptive equipment
modified sport gear that helps its user overcome a functional impairment.
Americans with Disabilities Act
ADA
legislation passed in 1990 designed to prevent discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
athetoid cerebral palsy
a form of CP that causes slow, writhing muscle contractions.
attention deficit disorder (ADD)
a behavioral syndrome that causes short attention span, impulsive behavior, and restlessness.
autonomic dysreflexia (AD)
abnormal function of the nervous system associated with spinal cord injuries; can lead to dangerously high blood pressure.
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)
developmental disabilities that impair communication with others.
bi-ski
a sit-ski with two skis attached to the bottom of the device.
bucket
the seat of a sit-ski, which may have one or two skis mounted to the base of the seat.
cerebral palsy (CP)
a brain injury before, during, or shortly following birth that results in a non-progressive, noncontagious muscular motor disorder.
cognitive disability
an impairment of brain function that limits the ability to process information.
disability
any condition that impairs normal function or daily activity.
Down syndrome (DS)
a genetic disability that causes intellectual impairment and physical anomalies.
dyslexia
an impairment of information processing that makes learning new information difficult.
dystonic cerebral palsy
a form of CP associated with extreme muscle rigidity.
expressive aphasia
the inability to express speech normally.
four tracker
a skier with two legs (one or both of which may be a prosthetic) who also uses two outriggers.
handicap
any condition that impairs normal physical or intellectual function.
impairment
any loss or limitation of physical or intellectual function
intellectual disability
any condition that impairs normal information processing.
mono-ski
a sit-ski with one ski attached to the bottom of the device.
multiple sclerosis (MS)
progressive neurologic syndrome that causes weakness, paralysis of the extremities, and visual deficits.
muscular dystrophy (MD)
a syndrome characterized by progressive muscle degeneration.
ostomy bag
a bag for collecting urine or feces that attaches to the body with adhesive tape.
outriggers
short skis mounted on crutch-type ski poles that provide better balance for a disabled skier.
paraplegic
people who do not have use of their legs.
prosthetic
an artificial body part that substitutes for a missing human body part.
quadriplegic
people who have lost function in all four extremities are called quadriplegics.
sit-board
a device in which a bucket used for sitting is attached to a snowboard.
sit-ski
a device consisting of two basic components: a “bucket” or seat on which the adaptive athlete sits, and one or two skis attached to the bucket.
ski bra
a device that attaches near the tips of each ski to hold the skis apart so the tips cannot cross.
sliding board
a flat board, 12 inches by 36 inches, made of smooth wood or plastic, used to transfer someone to or from a wheelchair.
spastic cerebral palsy
a form of CP that causes constant, involuntary muscle contractions.
spina bifida (SB)
a congenital malformation that results in gaps within the bony spine that expose the spinal cord to injury.
spinal cord injury (SCI)
damage to the spinal cord due to trauma.
stoma
a surgical port created in the body.
tether
a strap (or pair of straps) that is attached to an adaptive skier’s waist or to a sit-ski to guide the skier and prevent excessive speed.
three tracker
a skier with one leg who uses one ski and outriggers on both arms.
two track skiing
the use of two skis only by an adaptive skier; can include the use of adaptive equipment such as tethers and ski bras.
visual impairment
a range of visual disabilities that include legal blindness, partial sightedness, and complete blindness.
