Ch 21 Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

antegrade amnesia

A

loss of memory of events that occurred after a traumatic event to the brain; an inability to recall new information.

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2
Q

axon

A

long, slender projection of a nerve cell (neuron) that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body.

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3
Q

brain stem

A

the lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.

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4
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.

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5
Q

cerebellum

A

posterior part of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor control, especially for coordination.

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6
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

serum-like fluid that functions in shock absorption for central nervous system structures; circulates through passages within the brain and within the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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7
Q

cerebrum

A

region on the top of the brain that integrates sensory perception and motor control and is involved in attention and the processing of language, music, and other sensory stimuli.

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8
Q

diffuse axonal injury

A

the most common and devastating types of traumatic brain injury; results when damage occurs over a more widespread area than in focal brain injury.

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9
Q

epidural hematoma

A

a traumatic brain injury in which a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater and the skull.

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10
Q

intracranial pressure

A

the pressure within the skull; can also be exerted on the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.

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11
Q

lucid period

A

a short period during which the condition of a patient with a traumatic brain injury temporarily improves before again deteriorating.

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12
Q

neural ischemia

A

a condition in which part of the brain or spinal cord receives too little oxygenated blood; damage to these organs results after only a few minutes of anoxia.

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13
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell.

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14
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

the part of the nervous system outside the central nervous system.

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15
Q

recurrent traumatic brain injury

A

a condition in which the head suffers multiple, successive injuries before a previous injury has fully healed; subsequent injuries can be much more severe due to the occurrence of previous injuries.

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16
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory of events that occurred before a traumatic event to the brain; an inability to recall old information.

17
Q

spinal cord

A

tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain downward to the sacrum within the vertebral canal; part of the central nervous system.

18
Q

subdural hematoma

A

an accumulation of blood between the outer covering of the brain (dura mater) and the surface of the brain.

19
Q

traumatic brain injury

A

physical trauma to the brain; can be localized or diffuse.