Ch 30 Key Terms

Question 1

adolescent

Answer 1

an individual, ages 13–18 years; focus shifts from parents to peers; decision making, abstract thinking, and complex memorization skills develop.

Question 2

child abuse

Answer 2

any act or failure to act on the part of a parent, a caregiver, or any adult that results in serious physical or emotional harm or imminent risk of harm to a child.

Question 3

child neglect

Answer 3

a failure to act on the part of a parent, a caregiver, or other responsible adult to provide for the physical, emotional, educational, safety, or social needs of a child to the extent that emotional, developmental, or physical harm may occur.

Question 4

decompensated shock

Answer 4

shock that results from the body’s inability to compensate for low blood volume or inadequate tissue perfusion.

Question 5

epiglottitis

Answer 5

an inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis, the small, leafshaped structure that covers the larynx when a person swallows and prevents food from entering the trachea.

Question 6

fontanel

Answer 6

an unfused suture between the bones of the skull of a newborn that allows expansion of the growing brain; the fontanels close at approximately 18–20 months of age.

Question 7

infant

Answer 7

a child ages 2–12 months.

Question 8

meningitis

Answer 8

an inflammation of the membranes covering the spinal cord and brain; may be caused by viruses or bacteria.

Question 9

newborn

Answer 9

a child in the first month of life; children in this stage are also said to be in the neonatal period.

Question 10

pediatric assessment triangle

Answer 10

an assessment tool that utilizes a pediatric patient’s appearance (mental status, body position, and muscle tone), work of breathing (visible movement, effort, and audible sounds), and circulation (skin color) to assess the patient’s well-being.

Question 11

preschool period

Answer 11

the period of childhood during ages 3–5 years; a time in which a child gains fine motor skills and greater independence.

Question 12

retraction

Answer 12

the condition in which muscles pull in between the ribs and above the sternum upon inhalation.

Question 13

school-aged child

Answer 13

a child, ages 6–12 years

Question 14

shaken baby syndrome

Answer 14

a condition in which an infant or toddler is picked up and violently shaken, causing a traumatic brain injury.

Question 15

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 15

the sudden, unexplained death of an infant in which a postmortem examination fails to determine the cause of death.

Question 16

toddler

Answer 16

a child ages 12–36 months; the stage at which a child begins to explore, climb, and speak simple words or phrases.

Question 17

tripod position

Answer 17

a position in which a patient sits upright and leans forward onto outstretched arms; the head and chin are thrust forward in an attempt to keep the airway open.