Ch 20 Key Terms

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

to move away from the midline of the body.

Question 2

acromioclavicular (A/C) joint

Answer 2

joint of the shoulder in which the acromion (top of the scapula) and the clavicle articulate.

Question 3

adduction

Answer 3

to move toward the midline of the body.

Question 4

angulation

Answer 4

a sharp bend in a broken bone; a broken bone that is visibly crooked.

Question 5

appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

the periphery of the skeleton; the bones of the arms and legs.

Question 6

articular cartilage

Answer 6

the cartilage that is affixed to the end of a bone within a joint.

Question 7

articulation

Answer 7

the site at which the ends of two or more bones come together to form a joint.

Question 8

axial

Answer 8

pertaining to the axis of a body part.

Question 9

axial skeleton

Answer 9

central core of the bony skeleton, consisting of the skull, spine, and supporting thoracic bones.

Question 10

bone crepitus

Answer 10

a noise or palpable feeling of crackling when fractured bone ends rub together.

Question 11

callus

Answer 11

material at a fracture site that forms from a hematoma and later becomes bone.

Question 12

cardiac muscle

Answer 12

specialized muscle of the heart that contracts regularly without stopping.

Question 13

cartilage

Answer 13

a tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including the joints, outer ear, and end of the nose.

Question 14

cortex

Answer 14

the hard outer layer of a bone.

Question 15

dislocation

Answer 15

a separation or displacement of the bones of a joint.

Question 16

dorsal

Answer 16

toward the back of the body or of a body part.

Question 17

dorsiflex

Answer 17

to move a part of the body dorsally (toward the back).

Question 18

fracture

Answer 18

a break in a bone’s cortex.

Question 19

immobilization

Answer 19

the process of holding an object in place, as for a fracture by a cast or internal orthopedic hardware.

Question 20

“jams and pretzels”

Answer 20

a phrase that refers to the process by which someone who is injured and an awkward position is returned to normal supine anatomical position while maintaining spinal alignment.

Question 21

joint

Answer 21

a site at which two or more bones meet.

Question 22

joint capsule

Answer 22

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue enclosing a synovial joint.

Question 23

ligament

Answer 23

tissue that connects a bone to another bone; connective tissue that provides structure for a joint.

Question 24

meniscus

Answer 24

a specialized cartilage found in some joints; such as the knee and the acromioclavicular (A/C) joint.

Question 25

musculoskeletal system (MS)

Answer 25

the combination of the bony skeleton, the voluntary muscles, and other supporting structures that gives the body form and enables movement.

Question 26

palmar

Answer 26

on the palm side of the hand.

Question 27

periosteum

Answer 27

the thin outer covering ofabone.

Question 28

plantarflex

Answer 28

movement of the foot or toes downward, toward the sole of the foot.

Question 29

popliteal fossa

Answer 29

posterior part of the knee.

Question 30

skeletal muscle

Answer 30

type of muscle that attaches to the bony skeleton and is controlled voluntarily by the nervous system; functions to move joints to perform physical activities.

Question 31

sling and swathe

Answer 31

a soft splint used to immobilize many upper extremity injuries.

Question 32

smooth muscle

Answer 32

type of muscle found in organs of the body; is controlled by the autonomic nervous system; functions to push food through the intestine, contract blood vessels, and regulate other internal functions.

Question 33

splint

Answer 33

a mechanical device used to prevent a part of the body from moving, protecting it from further injury.

Question 34

sprain

Answer 34

a stretched or torn ligament.

Question 35

stabilized extrication

Answer 35

keeping a patient’s spine anatomically aligned during removal from an accident, therefore preventing any neurologic damage.

Question 36

strain

Answer 36

a stretched or torn muscle or tendon.

Question 37

subluxation

Answer 37

an event in which a joint dislocates partially and returns to its normal anatomical position.

Question 38

synovium

Answer 38

the inner layer of the joint capsule whose cells make a viscous fluid that lubricates joints.

Question 39

tendon

Answer 39

the non-contractile continuation of a muscle that gives it a mechanical advantage.

Question 40

tension

Answer 40

the amount of force necessary to stretch something; when used to refer to aligning a fractured long bone, the force required to straighten out the affected limb (usually 7–8 pounds).

Question 41

traction

Answer 41

the amount of force required to straighten a limb and keep it in alignment; for a fractured femur, typically 10 percent of the patient’s body weight, or approximately 15 pounds.

Question 42

traction splint

Answer 42

splint used on a lower extremity to align a fracture, such as a mid-shaft fracture of the femur.

Question 43

valgus

Answer 43

medial (inward) angulation of a bone or joint (toward the midline).

Question 44

varus

Answer 44

lateral (outward) angulation of a bone or joint (away from the midline).

Question 45

volar

Answer 45

the front of the body.

Question 46

zone of injury

Answer 46

the area that is close to or surrounding an injury of an extremity, such as a sprain or fracture.