Ch 32 Deuterostomes

Question 0

(deu.)
Echinoderms:
How is their body, what system do they use for feeding/ gas exchange, what do they use for locomotion?
What are the 5 classes recognized?

Answer 0

Body: ‘spiny skin’ exoskeleton of calcium plates and spines

• use Water Vascular system
  1. Class Crinoidea 4. Class Echinoidea
  2. Class Asteroidea 5. Class Holothuroidea
  3. Class Ophiuroidea

Question 1

2 synapomorphies included in the Deuterostomes, and 2 Phylum that are included

Answer 1

Phylum Echinoderms and Chordates

- Synapomorphies: radial, intermediate cleavage. Blastopore becomes anus

Question 2

Echinoderms:
Which class includes Sea lilies and feather stars
- oral surface is turned up
- suspension feeders with long sticky tube feet
- some are sessile, some are motile

Answer 2

Class Crinoidea

Question 3

Echinoderms: Which Class

• use tube feet for locomotion
• most are slow-moving predators(of bivalves)
• digest food before ingestion
• what animal

Answer 3

Class Asteroidea

- Sea Stars

Question 4

Echinoderms: which class

• most diverse class in species diversity
• long slender arms distinct from central disk and use for locomotion
• tube feet lack suckers
• animal name

Answer 4

Class Ophiuroidea

- Brittle Stars

Question 5

Echinoderms: Which class

• lack arms
• have solid shell (endoskeleton fused)
• herbivorous
• locomotion: tube feet and spines
• what animals are included?

Answer 5

Class Echinoidea

- Sea Urchins and sand dollars

Question 6

Echinoderms: Which class
- bottom dwellers
- elongated flexible body
- circle of modified tube feet around mouth
- reduced microscopic plates for endosekeleton
> what animal included

Answer 6

Class Holothuroidea

> Sea Cucumbers

Question 7

5 characteristics of Chordates

Answer 7

• notochord
• dorsal tubular nerve chord
• pharyngeal gill slits
• postanal tail
• endostyle or thyroid gland

Question 8

What is the Endostyle

Answer 8

ciliated groove on the pharynx that makes mucus to gather food particles

Question 9

Chordates: Which subphylum are Tunicates included

- how are they as larva and what are they like as adults

Answer 9

Subphylum Urochordata

• like sponges, sessile and filter-feed with endostyle as adults
• as larva, show chordate characteristics and are free-swimming

Question 10

Chordates: which subphylum are Lancelets included? What is unique about them

Answer 10

Subphylum Cephalochordata

• filter-feeders with notochord that extends who body
• have no heart brain fins or sense organs

Question 11

5 Vertebrate Characteristics

Answer 11

• vertebral column (backbone)
• cranium (brain case)
• Neural crest cells (determine development structures)
• Living endoskeleton
• Blood with Hemoglobin

Question 12

Vertebrates: Jawless Fish
Characteristic of them.
What 2 animals are included and how to they feed?

Answer 12

NO jaws or paired fins > limited feeding styles

• Hagfish: lost vertebrae, mostly scavengers
• Lampreys, mostly parasites

Question 13

Vertebrates: Class Chondrichthyes

• type of fish(___ fishes)
• includes what animals
• 3 characteristics

Answer 13

Cartilaginous Fishes > Sharks, rays, skates

• Jaws
• 2 pairs of fins
• Placoid scales (like teeth)

Question 14

Vertebrates: Class Chondrichthyes - Reproduction
What type of fertilization?
3 ways of producing young

Answer 14

• internal fertilization
  1. Oviparous - lay eggs
  2. Ovoviviparous - young inside eggs and incubated in mother
  3. Viviparous - young develop in mother’s uterus, nutrients transferred through her blood

Question 15

Bony Fishes/ Class Actinopterygii

• include what animal
• what 2 groups of lobe-finned fishes

Answer 15

Ray-finned fishes

1. Actinistia (coelacanths)
2. Dipnoi (lungfish)

Question 16

What class has more species than other vertebrate groups combined?

Answer 16

Class Actinopterygii

Question 17

Class Actinopterygii: Ray-finned Fish

- one chacteristic

Answer 17

Lungs modified as swim bladder (air sac for regulating buoyancy)

Question 18

Which class was previously Considered living fossils linking fish to tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)

Answer 18

Coelocanths

Question 19

Which class gave rise to tetrapods?

Answer 19

Lungfish ancestors

Question 20

Amphibians: Class Amphibia

What are 3 Orders, and what animals are included in each?

Answer 20

Order Urodela: salamanders
Order Anura: Frogs/ toads
Order Apoda: “no feet”

Question 21

Amphibians: Class Amphibia

3 Characteristics

Answer 21

• most return to water to reproduce
• use moist skin and lungs for gas exchange
• metamorphisis from aquatic larvae with gills to amphibious adults with lungs