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Biology > Ch 31 Protostomes > Flashcards

Ch 31 Protostomes Flashcards

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0
Q 
Cnidaria: class Hydrozoa
2 details
A
  • often without medusa stage

- solitary or colonial

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1
Q

What are the 4 classes of Cnidaria

A

1) Hydrozoa
2) Scyphozoa
3) Cubozoa
4) Anthozoa

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2
Q

Cnidaria: Class Scyphozoa

What animal is included, and 2 details

A
  • medusa is dominant form

- among the largest invertebrates

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3
Q

Cnidaria: Class Cubozoa

What animal is included and 2 details

A
  • have complex eyes
  • actively hunt prey

Box jellyfish

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4
Q

Cnidaria: Class Anthozoa

Wheat animals are included and 3 details

A
  • Polyps, no medusa
  • may be solitary
  • differ from hydrozoans in partitioned gastrovascular cavity

Sea anemones, corals

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5
Q

To what group do the zooxanthelae of corals belong?

A

Dinoflagellates

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6
Q

Ctenophora: Comb Jellies

What are 3 characteristics and what do they have in common/different with Cnidarians

A
  • fragile, luminescent marine predators
  • 8 rows of Cilia that resemble combs
  • tentacles with adhesive glue cells, Don’t Sting
    > Like Cnidarians: have radial symmetry and 2 tissue layers
    > Unlike Cnidarians: have mouth and anal pores
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7
Q

Bilateral Animals: 3 adaptations

A
  • the coelom
  • cephalization (head)
  • the central nervous system
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8
Q

Coelom: 3 details/ what it allows

A
  • Allows tube-in-tube body plan (body wall is outer; digestive is inner)
  • provides space for complex internal organs
  • enclosed compartment serves as Hydrostatic Skeleton which allows the diversity of animal movement types
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9
Q

what happens in a Hydrostatic skeleton

A

contracting muscles push against tube of fluid

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10
Q

Cephalization: 2 details of the evolution of a head

2 ways it increases effectiveness of a bilateral animal

A

Evolution
- concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at anterior end
- leading to central nervous system including brain
Effectiveness
- to actively find food, shelter, mates
- to detect enemies

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11
Q

2 Characteristics of Protostomes and the 2 groups

A

characteristic: mouth before anus/ spiral, determinate clevage
1) Lophotrochozoa- from merging trochozoans and lophophorata
2) Ecdysozoa- share process of molting

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12
Q

(Lophotroch.)

Platyhelminthes: 4 charateristics and what animal is this

A

Flatworms

  • coelom lost with well developed organs
  • gastrovascular cavity with One opening
  • Ladder-type nervous system consisting of 2 nerve cords extending length of body(connect like rungs)
  • simple brain made of 2 Ganglia
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13
Q

4 Classes of Platyhelminthes and what type of animal

A

Class Turbellaria - free-living flatworms(planarians), marine/fresh
Class Trematoda and Monogenea - parasitic flukes
Class Cestoda - parasitic tapeworm

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14
Q

(Loph)

Mollusks: 3 charateristics and 1 detail of each

A

1) soft-bodied animals - usually covered by shell
2) Ventral foot - for locomotion
3) Mantle - covers visceral mass(body organs)

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15
Q

Mollusks:
Most have what type of circulatory system, what class does not have this?
Most use what for feeding, what class does not/ what do they do instead?
Most Marine mollusks have what larva?

A
  • most have open circulatory in Hemocoel(invertebrate body cav)
    > Cephalopods have Closed circulatory system
  • most have rasping radula for feeding
    > Bivalves are suspension feeders
  • most marine have Trochophore larva (ciliated/free-swimming) which is in most Lophotrochozoan
16
Q

(Loph)
Mollusks: Class Polyplacophoa (many plates)
Includes what type of animal and 3 characteristics

A

includes marine Chitons

  • shells have 8 overlapping plates
  • reduced head
  • No eye
17
Q 
(Loph)
Mollusks: Which class has the largest group of mollusks who's body undergoes Torsion, and what types of animals are included??
A

Class Gastropoda

- snails slugs and relatives

18
Q 
(Loph)
Mollusks: Which class are suspension feeders with a 2 part shell hinged dorsally enclosing the bodies, and what type of animals are included?
A

Class Bivalvia

- clams scallops oysters

19
Q

(Loph)
Mollusks: Class Cephalopoda
Includes what type of animals, and 3 Characteristics

A

Squid, octopus, Nautilus

  • Active predatory swimmers
  • most intelligent invertebrates
  • tentacles surround mouth located in large head
20
Q

(Loph)

Annelids: 3 body characteristic and what type of animal is this

A

Segmented worms

  • long bodies
  • segmentation in and out
  • large compartmentalize coelom that serves as hydrostatic skeleton
21
Q

(Loph)
Annelids: Class Polychaeta
What are they and what do they use for gas exchange and locomotion. Define these structures.
What does this Class have that is unlike other Annelids

A

Marine worms with Parapodia
Parapodia for movement/gas exchange - have many Setae
> Setae - bristle-like structures
Unlike other Annelids, have well-defined Head with Sense organs

22
Q

(Loph)
Annelids: Class Oligochaeta
what type of animal is it, and how is it characterized?

A

Earthworms

  • characterized by few short setae per segment
  • body divided into >100 segments by septa
23
Q 
(Loph)
Annellids: which class is characterized by absence of Setae and Parapodia, what type of animal
A

Class Hirudinea

Leeches

24
Q

(Loph)

Lophophorates: how are they characterized (4)

A
  • marine animals with a Lophophora
  • ocean floor dwellers
  • lack distinct head
  • have Lophophore
25
Q

What is a Lophophore

A
  • ciliated ring of tentacles surround the mouth specialized to catch particles in water
26
Q

(Loph)

Rotifers: 3 characteristics

A
  • microscopic multicellular
  • have brain and eye spots
  • Cell Constant (mature always have same # cells)
27
Q

(Ecdysozoans)

Nematodes: what animal is this, and what are 5 (body)characteristics

A

Roundworms

  • highly successful
  • simplified body from multiple lineages
  • pseudocoelom (not surrounded by mesoderm)
  • Body covered by tough cuticle preventing desiccation
  • decomposers, predators, parasites aquatic and soil
28
Q

(Ecdys)

What phylum makes of 80% of known animal species, and what are 2 features terrestrial forms have

A

Arthropods
- terrestrial forms have internal branching tubes(tracheae) or
plate-like surfaces for gas exchange(book lungs)

29
Q

(Ecdys)

Arthropods: Myriapoda, 3 characteristics, what 2 classes are included

A
  • elongated with many segments
  • uniramous (unbranched) appendages
  • single pair of antennae
    > Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
    > Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
30
Q

(Edys)

Myriapoda: 2 characteristics of Class Chilopoda

A
  • 1 pair of legs per seg

- predators with poison claws

31
Q

(Edys)

Myriapoda: 2 characteristics of Class Diplopoda

A

millipedes

  • 2 pairs of legs per seg
  • generally herbivorous
32
Q

(Edys)
Arthropod: Chelicerates
What 2 Classes are included, how is their body type, what are the 1st and 2nd appendages called.
- one unique characteristic

A

Class Merostomes and Arachnids

  • Body: 2 parts, cephalothorax and abdomen. 6 pairs of jointed appendages(4 as legs)
  • 1st append; Chelicerae. 2nd; Pedipalps
  • no antennae or mandibles
33
Q

(Ecdys)
Arthropod: Crustaceans
what animals are included, how is their body, legs, and appendages?

A

Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, pill bugs, barnacles

  • body with cephalothorax and abdomen
  • 5 pairs of walking legs
  • append. are Biramous(form 2 branches)
34
Q

What is incomplete Metamorphosis

A

when the larva resembles adult without wings or reproductive structures

35
Q

what is complete metamorphosis

A

there are 4 distinct stages and the larva does Not look like the adult (caterpillars»Butterfly)

Biology (14 decks)

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