Ch 31 Protostomes Flashcards
Cnidaria: class Hydrozoa 2 details
- often without medusa stage
- solitary or colonial
What are the 4 classes of Cnidaria
1) Hydrozoa
2) Scyphozoa
3) Cubozoa
4) Anthozoa
Cnidaria: Class Scyphozoa
What animal is included, and 2 details
- medusa is dominant form
- among the largest invertebrates
Cnidaria: Class Cubozoa
What animal is included and 2 details
- have complex eyes
- actively hunt prey
Box jellyfish
Cnidaria: Class Anthozoa
Wheat animals are included and 3 details
- Polyps, no medusa
- may be solitary
- differ from hydrozoans in partitioned gastrovascular cavity
Sea anemones, corals
To what group do the zooxanthelae of corals belong?
Dinoflagellates
Ctenophora: Comb Jellies
What are 3 characteristics and what do they have in common/different with Cnidarians
- fragile, luminescent marine predators
- 8 rows of Cilia that resemble combs
- tentacles with adhesive glue cells, Don’t Sting
> Like Cnidarians: have radial symmetry and 2 tissue layers
> Unlike Cnidarians: have mouth and anal pores
Bilateral Animals: 3 adaptations
- the coelom
- cephalization (head)
- the central nervous system
Coelom: 3 details/ what it allows
- Allows tube-in-tube body plan (body wall is outer; digestive is inner)
- provides space for complex internal organs
- enclosed compartment serves as Hydrostatic Skeleton which allows the diversity of animal movement types
what happens in a Hydrostatic skeleton
contracting muscles push against tube of fluid
Cephalization: 2 details of the evolution of a head
2 ways it increases effectiveness of a bilateral animal
Evolution
- concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at anterior end
- leading to central nervous system including brain
Effectiveness
- to actively find food, shelter, mates
- to detect enemies
2 Characteristics of Protostomes and the 2 groups
characteristic: mouth before anus/ spiral, determinate clevage
1) Lophotrochozoa- from merging trochozoans and lophophorata
2) Ecdysozoa- share process of molting
(Lophotroch.)
Platyhelminthes: 4 charateristics and what animal is this
Flatworms
- coelom lost with well developed organs
- gastrovascular cavity with One opening
- Ladder-type nervous system consisting of 2 nerve cords extending length of body(connect like rungs)
- simple brain made of 2 Ganglia
4 Classes of Platyhelminthes and what type of animal
Class Turbellaria - free-living flatworms(planarians), marine/fresh
Class Trematoda and Monogenea - parasitic flukes
Class Cestoda - parasitic tapeworm
(Loph)
Mollusks: 3 charateristics and 1 detail of each
1) soft-bodied animals - usually covered by shell
2) Ventral foot - for locomotion
3) Mantle - covers visceral mass(body organs)
Mollusks:
Most have what type of circulatory system, what class does not have this?
Most use what for feeding, what class does not/ what do they do instead?
Most Marine mollusks have what larva?
- most have open circulatory in Hemocoel(invertebrate body cav)
> Cephalopods have Closed circulatory system - most have rasping radula for feeding
> Bivalves are suspension feeders - most marine have Trochophore larva (ciliated/free-swimming) which is in most Lophotrochozoan
(Loph)
Mollusks: Class Polyplacophoa (many plates)
Includes what type of animal and 3 characteristics
includes marine Chitons
- shells have 8 overlapping plates
- reduced head
- No eye
(Loph) Mollusks: Which class has the largest group of mollusks who's body undergoes Torsion, and what types of animals are included??
Class Gastropoda
- snails slugs and relatives
(Loph) Mollusks: Which class are suspension feeders with a 2 part shell hinged dorsally enclosing the bodies, and what type of animals are included?
Class Bivalvia
- clams scallops oysters
(Loph)
Mollusks: Class Cephalopoda
Includes what type of animals, and 3 Characteristics
Squid, octopus, Nautilus
- Active predatory swimmers
- most intelligent invertebrates
- tentacles surround mouth located in large head
(Loph)
Annelids: 3 body characteristic and what type of animal is this
Segmented worms
- long bodies
- segmentation in and out
- large compartmentalize coelom that serves as hydrostatic skeleton
(Loph)
Annelids: Class Polychaeta
What are they and what do they use for gas exchange and locomotion. Define these structures.
What does this Class have that is unlike other Annelids
Marine worms with Parapodia
Parapodia for movement/gas exchange - have many Setae
> Setae - bristle-like structures
Unlike other Annelids, have well-defined Head with Sense organs
(Loph)
Annelids: Class Oligochaeta
what type of animal is it, and how is it characterized?
Earthworms
- characterized by few short setae per segment
- body divided into >100 segments by septa
(Loph) Annellids: which class is characterized by absence of Setae and Parapodia, what type of animal
Class Hirudinea
Leeches
(Loph)
Lophophorates: how are they characterized (4)
- marine animals with a Lophophora
- ocean floor dwellers
- lack distinct head
- have Lophophore
What is a Lophophore
- ciliated ring of tentacles surround the mouth specialized to catch particles in water
(Loph)
Rotifers: 3 characteristics
- microscopic multicellular
- have brain and eye spots
- Cell Constant (mature always have same # cells)
(Ecdysozoans)
Nematodes: what animal is this, and what are 5 (body)characteristics
Roundworms
- highly successful
- simplified body from multiple lineages
- pseudocoelom (not surrounded by mesoderm)
- Body covered by tough cuticle preventing desiccation
- decomposers, predators, parasites aquatic and soil
(Ecdys)
What phylum makes of 80% of known animal species, and what are 2 features terrestrial forms have
Arthropods
- terrestrial forms have internal branching tubes(tracheae) or
plate-like surfaces for gas exchange(book lungs)
(Ecdys)
Arthropods: Myriapoda, 3 characteristics, what 2 classes are included
- elongated with many segments
- uniramous (unbranched) appendages
- single pair of antennae
> Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
> Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
(Edys)
Myriapoda: 2 characteristics of Class Chilopoda
- 1 pair of legs per seg
- predators with poison claws
(Edys)
Myriapoda: 2 characteristics of Class Diplopoda
millipedes
- 2 pairs of legs per seg
- generally herbivorous
(Edys)
Arthropod: Chelicerates
What 2 Classes are included, how is their body type, what are the 1st and 2nd appendages called.
- one unique characteristic
Class Merostomes and Arachnids
- Body: 2 parts, cephalothorax and abdomen. 6 pairs of jointed appendages(4 as legs)
- 1st append; Chelicerae. 2nd; Pedipalps
- no antennae or mandibles
(Ecdys)
Arthropod: Crustaceans
what animals are included, how is their body, legs, and appendages?
Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, pill bugs, barnacles
- body with cephalothorax and abdomen
- 5 pairs of walking legs
- append. are Biramous(form 2 branches)
What is incomplete Metamorphosis
when the larva resembles adult without wings or reproductive structures
what is complete metamorphosis
there are 4 distinct stages and the larva does Not look like the adult (caterpillars»Butterfly)
