Ch 26 Protist Flashcards
Homoplasy
multicellular and photosynthesis
how are protists relationships determined?
ultrastructure(seen with electron microscopy) and comparative molecular data
4 characteristics of Diplomonads
- NO Mitochondria
- No Golgi complex
- 1- 2 nuclei
- up to 8 flagella
Diplomonads:
Trichonymphs are…
relatives of diplomonads that live in termites and have endosymbiotic bacteria
Diplomonads:
Giardia inhabits…
anaerobic(no oxygen) large intestines of animals
Euglenoids 3 characteristics
- are unicellular and flagulate
- some are photosynthetic (chloroplasts from secondary endosymbiosis)
- many are only heterotrophs which are phagocytic(cell that engulfs and absorbs bacteria and other small particles)
3 Characteristics of Dinoflagulates
- Unicellular, biflagulate, and photosythetic
- major in Marine ecosystems
- have cellulose plates
- some produce toxic blooms (red tides)
Zooxanthellae algae
photosynthetic algae that lives in coral
5 characteristics of Plasmodium parasites,
- causes malaria
- complex lifestyle, transmitted by mosquitos
- infects liver and red blood cells
- has nonfunctional chloroplasts
- are nonmotile but can flex
How do Ciliates (such as the Paramecium) move and reproduce
- move by small hairlike cilia
- has micronucleus for sexual reproduction
- has micronucleus for cell metabolism and growth
- undergoes complex sexual exchange (conjugation)
Haploid
having one set of chromosomes
Diploid
having 2 sets of chromosomes
Water molds: their reproduction and body type
they have ceonocytic mycelium body (large multinucleate body)
- reproduce asexually with biflagulate Zoospores, and sexually under stressful conditions with Oospores
Water mold: Phytophthora
causes blight(disease) in potato
Diatom characteristics
mostly unicellular containing silica
- major producers in aquatic ecosystems
- some are part of floating plankton and some live on rocks and sediments (move by gliding)
Brown Algae
multicellular and important in cooler ocean waters
Brown Algae: Kelp 5 characteristics
largest brown algae
- substantial cell specialization
- leaf-like blade, stem-like stipes
- anchoring holdfasts
- gas-filled bladders for buoyancy
Compared to plant leaves, the blades of kelp bodies would be considered what?
homoplasious
Foraminiferans; how they get food/move, and main characteristic
amoeba cells with many chambered shells
- cytoplasmic projections extend through pores to move and get food
How are plant relationships determined
by molecular data
- the presence of chloroplasts from primary endosymbiosis
‘Plants’
Red Algae : 3 characteristics and where are they important
they are important in warm tropical waters and Reef building
- multicellular seaweeds
- non-motile
- some incorporate calcium bicarbonate in their cell walls
‘Plants’ :
Green Algae: their diversity, and what do botanists hypothesize about them?
diversity in size, structural complexity, and reproduction
- botanists hypothesize that ancestral green algae gave rise to land plants
Define Alternations of generations
life cycle in which there is a Multicellular Haploid stage And a Multicellular Diploid stage
Amoebas:
how do they move/get food, where are they found, and a characteristic
use pseudopodia( cytoplasmic extensions) to move and obtain food by phagocytosis
- found in soil, fresh water, and oceans
- some are parasitic
Amoeba:
Entamoeba histolytica
parasitic amoeba that causes amoebic dysentery (infection in intestines causing diarrhea)
Plasmodial Slime Mold:
feeding stage characteristic and reproduction method
- feeding stage is multinucleate plasmodium (up to 1ft diameter)
- reproduction is by Haploid spores produced within Sporangia
Cellular Slime Molds: 3 reproduction details
- normally act as asexual amoeboid cells
- can reproduce by aggregating into a pseudoplasmodium (slug)
- eventually form a stalked fruiting body to release spores formed through sexual or asexual reproduction
Choanoflagellates:
2 body characteristics and what group are they in
- single posterior flagellum in the flagellate cells
- collar of microvilli surrounds the base of flagellum
They are in the Opisthokont group (a clade also containing fungi and animals)
