Ch 28: reproductive system Flashcards
Gonads
Men: testicles
Women : ovaries
Gametes
Sex cells
Men : sperm cells
Women : eggs or oocytes
Somatic cells
Non sex cells
-RBC, skin cells, etc
Mitosis
Somatic cellular division
Meiosis
Cell division of sex cells
(gametes)
Gametogenesis
Process of sex cell production in male and female
Spermatogenesis
Male sex cell production
-sperm
Oogensis
Female, sex cell production
-Eggs
Menarche
Start of women’s reproductive years
Amenorrhea
Absence of period
Cause: pregnancy, unless proven otherwise
Menopause
Ovaries/reproductive cycle shut down
Start : 51 years old
Ovulation
Ovary releases, mature, egg
Fertilization
Sperm and ovary meet
-Fallopian tube
Zygote
Fertilized egg
Exocrine function of gametogenesis
Organs of reproductive system produces gametes
-Men: sperm cells start puberty, and continue forever
-Women : born with all eggs for entire lifetime 
Endocrine function of reproductive/sex hormones
IgG: placenta immunity
IgA: breastmilk
-Hormone:
1. Production: Prolactin.
2. Secretion :Oxytocin.
Diploid (2n)
Cells has 46 chromosomes, two sets of homologous pairs
Haploid (n)
Cell has 23 chromosomes, one set of homologous pairs
Interkinesis
Found between first and second rounds of meiosis
What happens in meiosis one?
Chromosomes split through reduction division
What happens in meiosis two
Sister chromatids pulled apart
Phases in meiosis one
Interphase: G1,S,G2
Prophase 1: chromosomes are visible
Metaphase 1: chrom lineup in center
Anaphase 1: chrom move on opposite sides of cell
Telophase 1: cytoplasm forms two cells
Meiosis two
Men: produce four viable daughter cells (sperm cells)
Woman : produce one viable daughter cell (oocyte)
Endocrine function of male reproductive system
Produce testosterone
Exocrine function of male reproductive system
Spermatogenesis
What muscles help regulate testicular temperature?
Dartos and cremaster muscles
What does the interstitial cells of Leydig do? (testicles)
Produce hormones, such as testosterone in the testes
Viscectomy
Cutting gas deferens
Fructose
Nutrients to give sperm energy
Bulbourethral gland
Produce alkaline secretion to keep sperm viable for exciting urethra
Prostate gland
Prostatic urethra and ejact duct
What muscles help make an erection
Corpora cavernosa
-corpus spongiosum:
- spongy urethra
- forms bulb
- forms glans penis
Circumcision
Surgical removal of fore skin
Which vesicle had the highest amount of fluid
Seminal vesicles produces 60% of semen
Is outliners going to stimulate testosterone production
True
Difference between erection and ejaculation
Erection: enlarges
Ejaculation: expulsion of semen
What part in the male body does Soren become motile
Epididimis
