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A&P 151 > Ch 26: Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch 26: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

-urine
-excrete waste products
-Regulate blood volume and pressure
-Regulate blood solute, red blood cells, synthesis, vitamin D

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2
Q

What does urine consist of?

A

Water,ions ,urea, and toxic substances
Does not contain glucose unless diabetic

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3
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Regulation of red blood cell synthesis

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4
Q

Is EPO produced in red bone marrow

A

False, by the kidney to increase production of erythrocytes

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5
Q

What systems regulate vitamin D?

A

Integumentary system, urinary, and digestive system

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6
Q

Once urine leaves the kidney can it get changed or altered

A

No

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7
Q

Kidney

A

Bean shaped organ
-Produces urine

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8
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that drains from kidney

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9
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Hollow muscular organ that holds urine

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10
Q

Urethra

A

Illuminates urine outside of body

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11
Q

Retroperatonial

A

Organs behind Paritoneum

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12
Q

Which kidney is lower

A

Right kidney

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13
Q

What is the root of the kidney?

A

Renal hilum

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14
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Engulfs renal capsule in acts as cushioning

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15
Q

Renal capsule

A

Surrounds each kidney

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16
Q

Renal facia

A

Anchors kidneys in surrounding adipose to abdomen wall

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17
Q

What exit renal hilum

A

Ureter, renal vein

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18
Q

What enters renal hilum?

A

Renal artery and nerve

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19
Q

Renal column

A

In between renal pyramids
-Also an extension of renal cortex

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20
Q

Renal pelvis

A

From major calyx merging
-Will turn into a ureter

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21
Q

Flow of urine

A

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

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22
Q

Nephron

A

Basic functional unit of kidney

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23
Q

Peritubular capillary

A

Second set of capillary

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24
Q

Efferent arterial

A

Blood vessel, that drains

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25
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Blood that moves into Bowmans capsule

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26
Q

Renal corpuscle structure

A

Bowmans capsule: outermost structure
Bowman space : space in between
Glomerulus: first net work of capillaries
Podocytes: saw that has many foot processes

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27
Q

What is the first net work of capillaries?

A

Glomerulus

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28
Q

What is proximal convoluted tubule

A

Tubed structure

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29
Q

Contents of loop of Henle (nephron loop)

A

-thick and thin descending loop
Thick and thin, ascending loop

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30
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Moves close to Bowmans capsule’s

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31
Q

Path of filtrate/urine produced by nephron

A

Renal corpuscle, PCT, filtrate, loop of Henley, DCT, CD urine, minor, calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

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32
Q

Will the afferent arterial give rise to Paritonium, capillary directly?

A

False it’s glomerulus first
- then efferent

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33
Q

Medulla

A

Collecting duct
Descending thin loop
Ascending thin loop

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34
Q

Cortex

A

Renal corpuscle
Proximal conveluted tubule

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35
Q

Definition of medulla

A

All ends up as you’re in and extreted out of the body

36
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Near the cortical medullary border
-Extends deep into medulla

37
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Near the cortex, not in the medulla

38
Q

Microscopic processes

A

Renal corpuscle, that filters, part of the nephron

39
Q

What is the deepest layer in the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus

40
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Not in renal corpuscle
-Occurs in between peritubular, capillary and renal tubular structure(4)

41
Q

How does the kidney detect body fluids?

A

Through macula, densa cells

42
Q

⬆️ osmolality

A

⬆️ solute ⬇️ solvent

43
Q

⬇️ osmolality

A

⬇️ solute ⬆️ solvent

44
Q

⬆️ osmolality does…

A

Decreases blood volume/pressure
-Also produces renin

45
Q

Which is found around the glomerulus

A

Photo site

46
Q

What cells produce renin?

47
Q

What detect osmolality

A

Macula, densa

48
Q

What three processes form urine

A

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

49
Q

Definition of filtrate

A

Fluid after being filtered until it reaches collecting duct

50
Q

Renal artery

A

Enters the renal hilum

51
Q

Segmental artery

A

Renal pelvis toward minor calyx

52
Q

Interlobar artery

A

Travels along the renal column

53
Q

Actuate artery

A

Branch and arch over the base of the pyramids

54
Q

Interlobular artery

A

Cortical projects into renal column

55
Q

What gives rise to glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

56
Q

What gives rise to efferent arteriole

A

Efferent arteriole

57
Q

What’s it called when filtrate exits the collecting duct

58
Q

Tubular reabsorption

59
Q

Tubular secretion.

60
Q

Moving blood through kidney

A

Interlobular vein -> actuate vein-> Interlobular vein-> segmental vein-> renal vein-> inferior vena cava

61
Q

What is the highest pushing pressure

A

Glomerulus capillary (50mm hg)

62
Q

What is the smallest pushing pressure

A

Capsule pressure
10mmhg

63
Q

What is the second highest pulling pressure

A

Colloid osmotic pressure due to albumin protein
30 mmhg

64
Q

What is net filtration

A

Renal corpuscle
10 mmhg

65
Q

Renal fraction

A

Total cardiac out put padding through kidney m
HR•SV=RF

66
Q

Renal blood flow rate

67
Q

Renal plasma flow rate

A

RBFR• FBP

68
Q

Glomerlular filtration rate

A

RPFR• FF

69
Q

Vasoconstriction causes in afferent arteriole

A

Blood flow: decrease
Filtration rate: decrease

70
Q

Efferent arteriole vasoconstriction causes

A

Blood flow: decrease
Glom filtration rate: increase

71
Q

Vasodilation in afferent arteriole

A

Blood flow: increase
GFR: increase

72
Q

Vasodilation in efferent arteriole

A

Bf: increase
GFR: decrease

73
Q

What gets reabsorbed in PCT

A

65% occurs in PCT
- water, amino acids, nutrient and solutes

74
Q

What % of glucose occurs in PCT

75
Q

PCT is considered..

A

The work horse of nephron

76
Q

Water being reabsorbed causes

A

Concentrated nutrients

77
Q

Is filtrate diluted at the top of loop of henle

78
Q

Name a region nephron can reabsorb water

A

DCT, CD, PCT

79
Q

What do hormones control

A

Late DCT and collecting duct

80
Q

What does ADH do

A

Retains water

81
Q

Transitional epithelium that’s associated to urinary system

A

Changes shape based on conditions of organ

82
Q

Trigon or urinary bladder

A
  • 2 ureter opening
  • 1 urethral opening
83
Q

3 portions of the bladder

A
  • base: prostatic urethra
  • membrane urethra
  • spongy urethra
84
Q

Female urethra muscle type

A

Internal: smooth
External sphincter: skeletal muscle

85
Q

Empty unstretched bladder

A

Stratified cuboidal

86
Q

Stretched full bladder

A

Stratified squamous

87
Q

Affects of aging urinary system

A

Less responsive to ADH and Aldosterone
- reduced vitamin D synthesis and ca2+ deficiency

A&P 151 (16 decks)

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