Ch 22: Lymphatic System Flashcards
3 functions of the lymphatic system
-fluid balance
- lipid absorption
-defense
Definition of fluid balance
Drain fluid from tissues to the heart
Definition of Lipid absorption
Absorption from using lymphatic system to absorb lipids
Defense of L.S
To provide immunity for the body
Peripheral edema
Swelling in the tissues causing a blockage
Primary organs
-bone marrow
- thymas glands
Secondary organs
-tonsils
- lymph nodes
- spleen: left upper quadrant
- appendix: right lower quadrant
Where are lymphocytes found
In lymph nodes
Cite of maturation
- B-cells: in red bone marrow
- T-cells: in thymas gland
Where are T cells and B cells born
In red bone marrow
Do pre Tcells move toward thyroid glands?
No the thymas gland
3 structures containg valves
- lymphatic vessels
- heart
- veins
Where does the jugular trunk drain?
From head and neck
Where does the subclavian trunk drain?
Drains upper limbs, superficial thoracic wall, and mammory glands
Where does the broncomediastinal trunk drain?
Drained from deep thoracic organs and deep thoracic wall
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?
Drains right side of head, right upper limb, right thorax
Where does the left thoracic duct drain?
Drains remainder of the body
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?
Drains into the right subclavian vein
-Half side of neck, upper extremities, and right side of chest
Where does the right thoracic duct drain?
Drains into the junction of the left internal jugular vein, and left subclavian vein
Positive selection
Our body react strongly
-Nonself antigens
Negative selection
Doesn’t react strongly to for an antigen
Apoptosis
Process programmed cell death occurs
Plasma cell
-activated B cells
-Produce antibodies
Immunoglobulin
Antibodies
What are the five antibodies?
- IgG-passed through placenta, reinfection
-IgA-shape as a dimer
-IgM-1st antibody produced in response to antigen, binds to b/ cell
-IgE-cause degranulation (allergies)
-IgD-surface of B-lymphocytes
Palatine
Tonsils
Pharyngeal
Adenoids or throat
Lingual
On back tongue
White pulp
Lymphatic tissue associated with arteries in the spleen
Red pulp
Consist of fibrous Network filled with macrophages red blood cells that connect to veins
Spleen
Large blood supply
Auto immune disease
Immunity attacking self antigens
* test question*
Self antigens
Produced by the body
Nonself antigens
Not produced by the body
Innate or nonspecific resistance
Genetically determined body defenses
Adaptive or specific immunity
Defenses acquired throughout life
Specificity
Ability to recognize a particular substance thats nonself antigens
Surface chemicals
Lysozymes in tears and saliva
Histamine and kinins
Runny eyes and nose
Interferons
Viral defense
Complement
Promote inflammation and destroy microbes
Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
Promote inflammation
Pyrogens
Promote fever
Cytokines
Proteins secreted by cells that bind to receptors
Alternative pathway
Apart of innate immunity, attracts macrophages
Classical pathway
Part of adaptive immunity requires antibodies, bound to antigens
-First pathway
Cell lysis
Holes in bacteria to rupture it
Activated complement proteins can
-form membrane attack
-Opsonization
-Attract immune system cells to sign of infection
Opsonization
Complement proteins attached to the surface of bacterial cells that enhance phagocytosis
Virus, infected cells
Produce interferons, stimulate cells to produce anti-viral proteins that stop viral replication in neighboring cells
What immune cells are first to show up at the infected site?
Neutrophils-most abundant
Macrophages
Large phagocytic cells
Basophils and mast cells
Release products from granules= degranulation
Eosinophils
Using proteins, called Protorans to punch, holes in bacteria
Passive immunity (natural)
-produce immunity six months after birth
-Gives antibodies (IgA) to baby from breastmilk
Passive immunity (artificial)
Antibodies produced by another person, or an animal are injected
Active immunity (natural)
Antigens are introduced through natural exposure
Active immunity (artificial)
Antigens are deliberately introduced in a vaccine
Active immunity
-immunity is provided by the individuals on immune system
-Surface antigens-provides antigens— producing antibodies
Passive immunity
-Immunity is transferred from another person or an animal
Class 1
Attracts cytotoxic T-cells (CD8)
Class 2
Attracts helper T-cells (CD4)
What is a plasmid Cell?
Activated B-cell that produces antibodies
What do helper T cells do?
Activate, T cells and B cells
What does phagocytosis attack?
Foreign cells (C3B)
Draw, Y-shaped polypeptide chains
Primary response
Never been sick with specific antibodies
Secondary response
Have a specific antibodies that body recognizes
How many chains is in an antibody?
Four chains
-2 heavy
-2 light
FAB
Fragment, antigen binds
What binds to FAB region?
Non-self antigen
Reactivation of chickenpox causes
Shingles
Primary cells, origin, cells, site of maturation are
Innate and adaptive
T cells are
Lymphocytes, helper, T cells, attracts MHC class one
