Ch 27: Electrolyte, Acid/base Balance Flashcards
The higher the solutes, the higher the osmolality?
True
There are more ICF in the body than ECF
True
Ascending from bottom to top of loop of henle will..
The osmolality will decrease
What does ECF include?
Plasma and interstitial fluid
Cation potassium
K+ Most abundant for ICF
Largest amount for sodium for ECF
Anion
Larger amount of sodium in ECF
Larger amount of proteins in ICF
more chloride in ECF
Fluid movement
In and out of blood are hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
Osmosis
Process of passive movement
Is drinking fluid the fastest method without an IV line 
True
What is the quickest way of eliminating fluids?
Urinating
Hypothalamic osmoreceptor’s
Control thirst
Sodium levels and drinking water
⬇️ Na+: ⬇️ drinking water
⬆️ Na+: ⬆️ drinking water
Increase volume of ADH
Decreases the volume of ADH
Increasing ADH
Increases volume of ADH
What is the greatest influence of osmolality?
Sodium
What does aldosterone do?
Intake sodium first
What does ADH absorb?
Absorbs water only
What happens if you increase ADH
Hypertension:
⬆️ solutes
⬇️ H2O
What happens when you reduce ADH
Hypotension:
⬇️ solutes
⬆️ H2O
Ranges of regulation of sodium
135-145 mEq/L NORMAL
hyperatremia:> 145
Hypoatremia: <135
Homeostasis of hyperkalemia
⬆️ aldosterone ⬆️ K+ and H+
Then decrease in K+
- opposite happens with hypokalemia
Sign v. Symptom
Sign: doctor sees
Symptom: patient experiences
Calcium levels
Normal: 8.2-10.2
<8.2 hypocalcemia
>10.2 hypercalcemia
Magnesium levels
Normal: 1.7-2.2
<1.7: hypomagnesemia
>2.2: hyperm
What’s stimulates calcium uptake in the intestines
Vitamin D
What increases and decreases Ca2+ extracellular levels
Increases: PTH
Decreases: calcitonin
What did you look at if the electrolytes are in balanced?
Magnesium levels
Phosphate levels
Normal: 2.5-4.5
Hypophospatemia: reduced absorption due to vitamin D deficiency
Hyperphosphatemia : renal failure, chemotherapy
Acids v. bases v. buffers
Acids: release, hydrogen ions HCI
Bases: removes hydrogen from a solution OH-
Buffers: prevent extreme changes in pH
What regulates blood pH?
Respiratory and urinary system
What is the normal pH range?
Normal: 7.35–7.45.
Acidosis < 7.35.
Alkalosis > 7.45.
HCO3 buffering system
H2CO3<—> HCO3- + H+
Base Acid
What affects respiratory centers?
Carbon dioxide levels and pH
What is acidosis in the respiratory system?
Hypoventilation:
Retention of CO2 causing blood levels to increase, causing pH to decrease
What is hyper ventilation?
Increasing ventilation rate which decreases blood CO2 levels, which then increases pH
-Also called alkalosis
What is the number one factor in acid/ base
The amount of CO2
Does an increase in carbon dioxide contribute to an increase in acids?
True
PaCO2 levels
Normal: 35-45
> 45 acidosis
< 35 alkalosis
HCO3 levels
22-26 normal
> 26 alkalosis
< 22 acidosis
If urinary is acidic, what is respiratory system
It Hass to be basic
If respiratory is acidic, urinary Has to be
Asked to be basic
Acidosis
⬇️pH +⬆️PaCO2 + norm HCO3=prim respiratory acidosis
⬇️pH + norm PaCO2+ ⬇️HCO3= primary metabolic acidosis (urinary)
Alkalosis
⬆️pH + ⬇️PaCO2 + norm HCO3=prim respiratory alkalosis
⬆️pH+ norm PaCO2 + ⬆️HCO3= primary metabolic alkalosis (urinary)
What does a fall in base cause
Acidosis
If the pH is 7.30, PaCO2 = 40, HCO3 =19.
Or what is his acid /base disturbance?
She is primary metabolic acidosis for urinary system
PH= 7.50, PaCO2 = 30, HCO3 =24. What is the acid/base disturbance?
Primary respiratory alkalosis
