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a&p 151 > Ch 27: Electrolyte, Acid/base Balance > Flashcards

Ch 27: Electrolyte, Acid/base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

The higher the solutes, the higher the osmolality?

A

True

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2
Q

There are more ICF in the body than ECF

A

True

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3
Q

Ascending from bottom to top of loop of henle will..

A

The osmolality will decrease

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4
Q

What does ECF include?

A

Plasma and interstitial fluid

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5
Q

Cation potassium

A

K+ Most abundant for ICF
Largest amount for sodium for ECF

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6
Q

Anion

A

Larger amount of sodium in ECF
Larger amount of proteins in ICF
more chloride in ECF

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7
Q

Fluid movement

A

In and out of blood are hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure

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8
Q

Osmosis

A

Process of passive movement

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9
Q

Is drinking fluid the fastest method without an IV line 

A

True

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10
Q

What is the quickest way of eliminating fluids?

A

Urinating

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11
Q

Hypothalamic osmoreceptor’s

A

Control thirst

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12
Q

Sodium levels and drinking water

A

⬇️ Na+: ⬇️ drinking water
⬆️ Na+: ⬆️ drinking water

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13
Q

Increase volume of ADH

A

Decreases the volume of ADH

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14
Q

Increasing ADH

A

Increases volume of ADH

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15
Q

What is the greatest influence of osmolality?

A

Sodium

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16
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Intake sodium first

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17
Q

What does ADH absorb?

A

Absorbs water only

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18
Q

What happens if you increase ADH

A

Hypertension:
⬆️ solutes
⬇️ H2O

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19
Q

What happens when you reduce ADH

A

Hypotension:
⬇️ solutes
⬆️ H2O

20
Q

Ranges of regulation of sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L NORMAL
hyperatremia:> 145
Hypoatremia: <135

21
Q

Homeostasis of hyperkalemia

A

⬆️ aldosterone ⬆️ K+ and H+
Then decrease in K+

  • opposite happens with hypokalemia
22
Q

Sign v. Symptom

A

Sign: doctor sees
Symptom: patient experiences

23
Q

Calcium levels

A

Normal: 8.2-10.2
<8.2 hypocalcemia
>10.2 hypercalcemia

24
Q

Magnesium levels

A

Normal: 1.7-2.2
<1.7: hypomagnesemia
>2.2: hyperm

25
Q

What’s stimulates calcium uptake in the intestines

A

Vitamin D

26
Q

What increases and decreases Ca2+ extracellular levels

A

Increases: PTH
Decreases: calcitonin

27
Q

What did you look at if the electrolytes are in balanced?

A

Magnesium levels

28
Q

Phosphate levels

A

Normal: 2.5-4.5
Hypophospatemia: reduced absorption due to vitamin D deficiency
Hyperphosphatemia : renal failure, chemotherapy

29
Q

Acids v. bases v. buffers

A

Acids: release, hydrogen ions HCI
Bases: removes hydrogen from a solution OH-
Buffers: prevent extreme changes in pH

30
Q

What regulates blood pH?

A

Respiratory and urinary system

31
Q

What is the normal pH range?

A

Normal: 7.35–7.45.
Acidosis < 7.35.
Alkalosis > 7.45.

32
Q

HCO3 buffering system

A

H2CO3<—> HCO3- + H+
Base Acid

33
Q

What affects respiratory centers?

A

Carbon dioxide levels and pH

34
Q

What is acidosis in the respiratory system?

A

Hypoventilation:
Retention of CO2 causing blood levels to increase, causing pH to decrease

35
Q

What is hyper ventilation?

A

Increasing ventilation rate which decreases blood CO2 levels, which then increases pH
-Also called alkalosis

36
Q

What is the number one factor in acid/ base

A

The amount of CO2

37
Q

Does an increase in carbon dioxide contribute to an increase in acids?

A

True

38
Q

PaCO2 levels

A

Normal: 35-45
> 45 acidosis
< 35 alkalosis

39
Q

HCO3 levels

A

22-26 normal
> 26 alkalosis
< 22 acidosis

40
Q

If urinary is acidic, what is respiratory system

A

It Hass to be basic

41
Q

If respiratory is acidic, urinary Has to be

A

Asked to be basic

42
Q

Acidosis

A

⬇️pH +⬆️PaCO2 + norm HCO3=prim respiratory acidosis

⬇️pH + norm PaCO2+ ⬇️HCO3= primary metabolic acidosis (urinary)

43
Q

Alkalosis

A

⬆️pH + ⬇️PaCO2 + norm HCO3=prim respiratory alkalosis
⬆️pH+ norm PaCO2 + ⬆️HCO3= primary metabolic alkalosis (urinary)

44
Q

What does a fall in base cause

A

Acidosis

45
Q

If the pH is 7.30, PaCO2 = 40, HCO3 =19.
Or what is his acid /base disturbance?

A

She is primary metabolic acidosis for urinary system

46
Q

PH= 7.50, PaCO2 = 30, HCO3 =24. What is the acid/base disturbance?

A

Primary respiratory alkalosis

a&p 151 (16 decks)

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