Ch 15: Special Senses Flashcards
Cranial nerve for smell
CN 1
CN for vision
CN2
CN for Taste
Anterior 2/3: CN 7
Posterior 1/3: CN 9
Root of tongue: 10
CN for hearing and balance
CN 8
What does y,B,a stand for
Y: gamma
B: beta
a: alpha
What is an (a) part of the gene protein when activated?
Alpha
What does camp in the cell cause sodium and calcium channels to do?
Open the cells and caused an influx of ions into olfactory, resulting in depolarization and production of action potential 
Where does the information of olfactory neurons go to?
OlFactory cortex of frontal lobe
How many types of Papillae are there?
4 types
Types of papillae
Filiform: NO taste buds
Vallate: taste buds- largest, least numerous
Foliate: taste buds- leaf shaped
Fungiform: taste buds - mushroom shaped
The five types of taste
Sour: lateral aspect of tongue
Salty: antriolateral of tongue
Bitter: root of tongue
Sweet: anterior
Umami (glutamate): savory—throughout whole tongue
Influx
Moving ion into cell
Sour acid function.
- Allow influx of hydrogen ions.
- Hydrogen ions binding to calcium gated channel.
- Allow cat ion to move into Cell to fire action potential.
G-protein usage
- olfaction
- sweet
- bitter
- glutamate
Where are the taste areas located?
In the insula
What nerves does not innervate taste buds
Hypoglossal nerve
Does the iris determine individual eyecolor?
True
Lateral canthus
Upper eyelid me to lower eyelid
Palpebral fissure
Space between eyelids
Canthi
Lateral and medial, eyelids meet
Palpebral conjunctiva
Inner surface eyelids
Bulbar conjunctiva
Interior surface of eye except over pupil
Ex: sclera
Lacrimal gland
Produces tears
Lacrimal canaliculi
Has superior and inferior ducks that collect tears
Extraocular muscles
-physically moves eyeball in all directions
-For recti muscles
-two oblique muscles
Intraocular muscles
-Control the size of pupil
-Dilator pupillae: dilate
-Sphincter pupillae: decrease pupil
-Changes the shape of lens
-ciliary muscles
What does accommodation mean of eye muscles?
Changes the shape of lens
What does the pupil do?
Allows light to enter the eye
Fibrous tunics
Sclera and cornea
Vascular tunics
Choroid, ciliary body, iris
Nervous tunics
Retina
Cornea
Transparent window, continuous interiorly with sclera.
-Allows light to enter eye and bends in refracts light.
Ciliary body
Outer ciliary ring, and inner ciliary processes
-Changes the shape of the lens by suspensory ligaments
Choroid
Associated with sclera, very thin pigmented
Anterior chamber
Between cornea in Iris, OK, filled with aqueous humor
Posterior chamber
Between iris and lens, filled with aqueous humor
Vitreous chamber
Posterior to lens, filled with jelly, like vitreous humor
Which chamber is interior to lens?
Anterior chamber
Which chamber is posterior to lens?
Vitreous chamber
Relaxed, ciliary muscles
Stretch lens in every direction
Contracted ciliary muscles
Non-stretch lens
Cataracts
Clouding of the lens
Pigmented layer in the retina
Council outer pigmented layer
Neural layer
Inner layer of rod and cone cells, sensitive to light and relayed neurons
Is the path of light through retina going in the same direction of action potential?
False
Cone
Perceives color vision
-Red, blue, green
Rod
Perceives dark and light vision
Molecules of Rod
Rhodopsin
Molecule of cone
Iodopsin
Macula
Small yellow spot
Fovea centralis
Area of the greatest visual acuity
-Contains most con receptors in the retina
Optic disc
Blindspot area through blood vessels
