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A&P 151 > Ch 23: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch 23: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

-External nose, cavity, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

Purpose of nasal cavity

A

Clean, warm, and humidifier

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3
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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4
Q

Larynx

A

Above the glottis
-Voicebox

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5
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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6
Q

Bronchi

A

Tubes that direct air to lungs

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7
Q

Lungs

A

Network of alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange

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8
Q

Glottis

A

Opening found in voice box in between the two vocal cords

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9
Q

Three positions of conchi

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

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10
Q

Is pneumonia considered an upper respiratory tract infection

A

False, it’s a lower respiratory tract infection

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11
Q

Is inflammation and infection in the throat

A

It’s an upper respiratory tract infection

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12
Q

Conducting zone

A

-pulmonary ventilation
-Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles

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13
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Gas exchange
-Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

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14
Q

What is the major gas in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

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15
Q

Ventilation

A

Act of inhaling and exhaling air

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16
Q

Respiration

A

Performing gas exchange in the lungs

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17
Q

External respiration

A

Gas exchange between air in lungs and pulmonary capillaries (blood)

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18
Q

Internal respiration

A

Gas exchange between tissue capillaries and working tissues

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19
Q

In internal respiration, carbon dioxide is going to move into the tissues

A

False, we take oxygen out of tissue to exhale CO2 to tissue capillary

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20
Q

An external respiration oxygen moves into alveoli?

A

False, O2 needs to move to capillary not alveoli

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21
Q

What systems regulate blood pH?

A

Respiratory system and urinary system

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22
Q

What causes the release of RAAS

A

A drop in volume and pressure

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23
Q

What are the three line of defense is?

A

-nose hair
-Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
-Alveolar macrophages

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24
Q

Runnin – angiotensin – aldosterone system (RAAS)

A

Renin converts Angeo 10 Synergen into angiotensin one, then angiotensin1 converts, angiotensin, converting enzyme into angt2

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25
Q

What does angiotensin 2 cause:

A

-SNS= vaso constriction of blood vessels (incr pressure)
-Adrenal glands= Aldosterone to retain water (increase pressure)
-Post pituitary gland= ADH to retain water in DCT & CD
* Worsens hypertension*

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26
Q

3 bones that form nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid, septal cartilage, and vomer bone

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27
Q

What is the superior structure of the nasal pathway?

A

Nasal pharynx

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28
Q

What is the middle structure of the nasal pathway?

A

Oropharynx

29
Q

What is the inferior structure of the nasal pathway?

A

Laryngopharynx

30
Q

What is the voice box called?

A

Larynx

31
Q

How many cartilages make a larynx

A

Nine cartilages

32
Q

Where does the nasal pharynx start at?

A

Starts at Choanae and ends at uvula

33
Q

What are the single cartilages of the larynx?

A

-thyroid: V-shaped, forms Addams apple
-Cricoid: O-Shaped, most inferior
-Epiglottis: spoon-shaped, protect airway

34
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

-Arytenoid: attached to cricoid cartilage
-Corniculate: hook cartilage attached to arytenoid
-Cuneiform: located anterior to corniculate

35
Q

Vestibular folds

A

False vocal cords

36
Q

Vocal folds

A

True vocal cords in between Glottis

37
Q

Trachea

A

C-shaped, windpipe
-15 to 20 cartilages

38
Q

What’s the inner lining of the trachea?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified, columnar epithelium with goblet cells

39
Q

Where is the carina located?

A

In between T4 and T5

40
Q

What is the structure before the carina?

A

The trachea

41
Q

What is the structure after the carina?

A

Primary bronchus

42
Q

What comes after the primary bronchus?

A

The secondary bronchi, and the tertiary bronchi

43
Q

What is the pathway from the trachea to the alveoli?

A
  1. Trachea.
  2. Primary bronchus.
  3. Secondary bronchus.
  4. Tertiary bronchus
  5. Bronchiole.
  6. Terminal bronchioles.
  7. Respiratory bronchioles.
  8. Alveolus
44
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Gas exchange occurs in between whole lungs and tissues
-alveoli and capillaries
-External respiration

45
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

First segment before respiratory bronchioles

46
Q

Bronchodilation

A

Smooth muscle relaxes to increase airflow

47
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

Smooth muscle contracts

48
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs in the lungs

49
Q

What is a dust cell

A

Third line of defense of immunity

50
Q

What is type I pneumocyte

A

To provide structure support

51
Q

What is type II pneumocyte

A

Produced a substance called surfactant
-Surfactant will reduce surface tension to prevent the Alveoli from collapsing

52
Q

What does alveolar fluid do?

A

keeps alveolar open

53
Q

What is simple diffusion

A

High to low

54
Q

What is pleural cavity?

A

Surrounds each lung, and filled with pleural fluid

55
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner lining of the lung

56
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer lining of the lung

57
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

Pulmonary Hilum

58
Q

Characteristics of the right lung

A

Has three lobes, separated by fissures
- oblique and and horizontal fissure

59
Q

Characteristics of the left lung

A

Two lobes with an indentation, called the cardiac notch
- oblique fissure
-Has cardiac impression for the heart

60
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle
-Quiet, breathing and force breathing

61
Q

Boyles law

A

•Diaphram contracts (inhaling)
-As volume increases,pressure decreases
•Diaphragm, relaxes, saying (exhaling)
-As volume decreases, pressure increases

62
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Quiet breathing

63
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Forceful, inhaling

64
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Forcefully exhaling breath

65
Q

Residual volume

A

Air remaining in the lungs

66
Q

Inspiratory capacity’s

A

TV + IRV

67
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

ERV + RV

68
Q

Vital capacity

A

ERV + TV + IRV

69
Q

Total lung capacity

A

TV + IRV + ERV + RV

A&P 151 (16 decks)

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