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HHP 1100 Terms > Ch 26A (Digestive System) > Flashcards

Ch 26A (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

what are two categories of organs in the digestive system?

A

gastrointestinal tract & accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

the GI tract is a continuous tube including:

A

(1) oral cavity
(2) pharynx
(3) esophagus
(4) stomach
(5) small & large intestine
(6) anal canal

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3
Q

what is connected to the GI tract but is not a part of it?

A

accessory digestive organs

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4
Q

what structures are accessory digestive organs?

A

(1) teeth & tongue
(2) salivary glands
(3) liver
(4) gallbladder
(5) pancreas

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5
Q

main functions of the digestive system include

A

(1) ingestion
(2) motility (peristalsis)
(3) secretion
(4) digestion (mech or chem)
(5) absorption
(6) elimination of wastes

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6
Q

what is the GI tract wall composed of?

A

4 tunics (layers)

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7
Q

name the 4 GI tract wall tunics from deep to superficial

A

(1) mucosa
(2) submucosa
(3) muscularis
(4) serosa

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8
Q

name the regions of the oral cavity

A

vestibule & oral cavity proper

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9
Q

anterior 2/3 of tongue, palatine processes of maxillae bones & palatine bones

A

hard palate

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10
Q

posterior 1/3 of the tongue, muscular

A

soft palate

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11
Q

this structure extends posteriorly from soft palate & elevates during swallowing to close off posterior entrance to nasopharyngeal

A

uvula

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12
Q

this structure is primarily skeletal muscle

A

tongue

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13
Q

function of the tongue

A

manipulates & mixes ingested materials & assists in swallowing

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14
Q

covers the surface of the tongue

A

papillae

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15
Q

thin midline tissue that attaches inferior part of tongue to oral cavity

A

lingual frenulum

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16
Q

this structure produces & secrets saliva into the oral cavity

A

salivary glands

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17
Q

what are main functions of the salivary glands?

A

(1) moistens ingested materials to become a slick bolus
(2) moistens, cleanses & lubricates oral cavity structures
(3) dissolves food so taste receptors on tongue can be stimulated

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18
Q

what structures makes up the majority of the saliva?

A

extrinsic salivary glands

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19
Q

this structure secretes 25-30% of total saliva and is the largest of the extrinsic glands

A

parotid salivary glands

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20
Q

where is the parotid salivary glands located?

A

anterior and inferior to the ear

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21
Q

this structure runs parallel to the zygomatic arch, pierces buccinator before opening into mouth near upper 2nd molar

A

parotid duct

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22
Q

this structure produces 60-70& of total saliva

A

submandibular salivary glands

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23
Q

where is the submandibular salivary glands located?

A

inferior to body of mandible

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24
Q

this structure opens in the floor of the mouth next to lingual frenulum

A

submandibular duct

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25
Q

this structure produces 3-5% of total saliva

A

sublingual salivary ducts

26
Q

where is the sublingual salivary glands located?

A

inferior to the tongue

27
Q

this structure opens into the inferior surface of oral cavity

A

sublingual ducts

28
Q

name the types of extrinsic salivary glands

A

(1) parotid
(2) submandibular
(3) sublingual

29
Q

this is the part of the tooth that is visible

A

the crown

30
Q

hardest substance in the tooth

A

enamel

31
Q

tooth narrows

A

neck

32
Q

parts of tooth embedded in bone

A

roots

33
Q

another way to say gums

A

gingiva

34
Q

this forms most of the tooth

A

dentin

35
Q

this part of the tooth contains arteries, veins & nerves

A

pulp cavity

36
Q

space in the root of the tooth

A

root canal

37
Q

list the different surfaces of the teeth

A

(1) mesial surface
(2) distal surface
(3) buccal surface
(4) labial surface
(5) lingual surface
(6) occlusal surface

38
Q

surface facing away from back molar

A

mesial surface

39
Q

surface facing toward back molar

A

distal surface

40
Q

outer surface of lateral facing teeth

A

buccal surface

41
Q

front surface of front teeth

A

labial surface

42
Q

inner surface of all teeth

A

lingual surface

43
Q

chewing surfaces

A

occlusal surface

44
Q

this set of teeth erupt between 6-30 months

A

deciduous teeth/milk teeth

45
Q

this set of teeth replaces the deciduous teeth

A

permanent teeth

46
Q

how many deciduous teeth are there in comparison to permanent teeth?

A

20 deciduous teeth, 32 permanent teeth

47
Q

list the permanent teeth types

A

(1) incisors
(2) canines
(3) premolars
(4) molars

48
Q

this teeth type is the most anterior, shaped like chisels for slicing

A

incisors

49
Q

this teeth type is posterolateral to incisors, pointed for puncturing & tearing

A

canines

50
Q

this teeth type is posterolateral to canines, have flat crowns w/ ridges for crushing & grinding

A

premolars

51
Q

this teeth type is the thickest and most posterior teeth, and adapted for crushing and grinding

A

molars

52
Q

how is food routed into the esophagus?

A

by closure of the epiglottis during swallowing

53
Q

conducts ingested materials from pharynx to stomach

A

esophagus

54
Q

what does the esophagus pass through before connecting to the stomach?

A

an opening in the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus

55
Q

closes during inhalation preventing air entry

A

superior esophageal

56
Q

prevents materials from regurgitating from stomach

A

inferior esophageal

57
Q

rhythmic contraction of digestive tubes

A

peristalsis

58
Q

what is the general path of peristalsis?

A

begins in the esophagus, continues through GI tract and pushing the bolus along

59
Q

when is peristalsis controlled voluntarily, slightly voluntarily, and involuntarily?

A

(1) top 1/3 of esophagus
(2) middle 1/3 of esophagus
(3) involuntary after 2/3

60
Q

where is the stomach located?

A

in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity

61
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion of the bolus which processes into chyme

HHP 1100 Terms (15 decks)

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