Ch 25A (Respiratory Tract) Flashcards
the respiratory system is anatomically divided into
upper & lower respiratory tracts
the respiratory system is functionally divided into
conducting & respiratory portions
what do the functional portions do?
air transport (conducting) & gas exchange (respiratory)
what are functions of the respiratory system?
(1) pulmonary ventilation
(2) gas exchange
(3) gas conditioning
(4) sound protection
(5) olfaction
(6) defense
what structures does the upper respiratory tract include?
(1) nose and nasal cavities
(2) paranasal sinuses
(3) pharynx
what forms the bridge of the nose?
nasal bones
another way to say nostrils
nares
what are the parts of the nasal cavity?
nasal septum & vestibule
divides nasal cavity into left and right portions
nasal septum
region just inside the nares
vestibule
this forms the lateral walls for each cavity.
superior, middle, & inferior nasal conchae
these are airspaces that make the bones lighter in weight, are named after the bones they reside
paranasal sinuses
name the four kinds of paranasal sinuses
(1) frontal
(2) ethmoidal
(3) sphenoidal
(4) maxillary
commonly called the throat, shared by respiratory & digestive tracts
pharynx
name the three regions of the pharynx
(1) nasopharynx
(2) oropharynx
(3) laryngopharynx
the pharynx is lined with
a mucosa
the pharynx has a skeletal muscle that is for
swallowing
describe the position of the nasopharynx
posterior to nasal cavity & superior to soft palate
where are the auditory tubes of the nasopharynx found?
in the lateral walls
what does the posterior nasopharynx house?
a single pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
where is the oropharynx located?
bounded superiorly by soft palate & inferiorly by hyoid bone
the oropharynx & laryngopharynx is a shared passage between
respiratory & digestive systems
these are embedded in lateral walls between the arches
palatine tonsils
these are often removed in a tonsillectomy
palatine tonsils
these are at the base of the tongue
lingual tonsils
where is the laryngopharynx located?
starts inferior to hyoid bone & extends to top of esophagus
name the structures associated with site of respiration
(1) alveolar ducts
(2) alveoli
(3) respiratory bronchioles
name the structures associated with no gas exchange
(1) larynx
(2) trachea
(3) bronchi
(4) bronchioles
(5) terminal bronchioles
commonly called the voice box
larynx
the larynx connects what two structures together?
pharynx to the trachea
this structure is spoon-shaped cartilage projecting superiorly to the pharynx
epiglottis
this action causes the epiglottis to close larynx opening
swallowing
name the functions of the larynx
(1) passageway for air
(2) prevents material from entering respiratory tract
(3) produces sound for speech
(4) participates in sneezer/cough reflexes
this is the largest cartilage in the respiratory tract
thyroid cartilage
what is another way to call an adam’s apple
laryngeal prominence
what structure is inferior to the adam’s apple?
cricoid cartilage
this is the opening between the vocal folds
rima glottdis
what does the glottis consist of?
vocal folds and rims glottidis
length & thickness of vocal folds
vocal range
tension on vocal folds
pitch
force which air is passing vocal folds
loudness
this is most commonly called the windpipe
trachea
describe the position of the trachea
anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, superior to the main bronchi
what is the trachea supported by?
a C-shaped cartilaginous ring
