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HHP 1100 Terms > 26 B (Digestive System) > Flashcards

26 B (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

list the 3 layers of muscularis tunic

A

(1) longitudinal layer (outer)
(2) circular layer (middle)
(3) oblique layer (inner)

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2
Q

what is the function of the muscularis tunics?

A

mix contents & break apart into smaller pieces for chemical digestion

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3
Q

pasty semisolid mixture when bolus mixes with gastric acid

A

chyme

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4
Q

name the regions of the stomach

A

(1) cardia
(2) fundus
(3) body
(4) pyloris

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5
Q

this region lies inferior to the heart

A

cardia

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6
Q

this region is a superior dome shape

A

fundus

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7
Q

this region is a majority of the stomach

A

body

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8
Q

this structure prevents back flow

A

pyloric sphincter

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9
Q

inferior convex border of stomach

A

greater curvature

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10
Q

superior concave border of stomach

A

lesser curvature

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11
Q

gastric folds on the internal surface of the stomach

A

rugae

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12
Q

extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of stomach & covers most abdominal organs

A

greater omentum

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13
Q

connects lesser curvature of the stomach & proximal ends of small intestine to the liver

A

lesser omentum

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14
Q

this condition is the result of reflux acid from the stomach moving into the the esophagus, irritating the mucosa

A

heartburn

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15
Q

weak spot in diaphragm allows stomach to move upward

A

hiatal hernia

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16
Q

finishes chemical digestion & is site for nutrient absorption

A

small intestine

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17
Q

name the specific segments of the small intestine

A

(1) duodenum
(2) jejunum
(3) ileum

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18
Q

this is a C-shaped structure that originates at the pyloric sphincter, and receives bile to emulsify fat & pancreatic secretions for digestion

A

duodenum

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19
Q

this is the middle portion of the small intestine & is primarily the region for chemical digestion & nutrient absorption

A

jejunum

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20
Q

this is the final segment of small intestine, its distal end terminating at the ileocecal valve

A

ileum

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21
Q

sphincter that controls the entry of materials into the large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

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22
Q

what do mucosal & submucosal tunics form?

A

circular folds/plicae circularis

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23
Q

microscopic finger like projections on surface of the circular folds

A

villi

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24
Q

finger like projections on the surface of villi

A

microvilli

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25
Q

this forms a three sided perimeter around the small intestine

A

large intestine

26
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine?

A

(1) fluid, ion absorption
(2) compacts indigestible wastes & turns into feces
(3) stores feces until defectation

27
Q

the longitudinal muscle forms bundles called

A

teniae coli

28
Q

the contraction of teniae coli bunch up large intestine into many sacs called

A

haustra

29
Q

name the structures of the large intestine

A

(1) cecum
(2) ascending colon
(3) transverse colon
(4) descending colon
(5) sigmoid colon
(6) rectum
(7) anal canal

30
Q

sac located in lower right quadrant of abdomen

A

cecum

31
Q

right lateral border of abdomen, makes 90 degree turn to left

A

ascending colon

32
Q

originates at right colic flexure, approaches spleen in upper left abdominal quadrant & makes 90 degree turn inferiorly at the spleen

A

transverse colon

33
Q

originates at the left colic flexure, terminates the sigmoid colon & terminates as the rectum

A

descending colon

34
Q

muscular tube that readily expands to store accumulated fecal material prior to defecation

A

rectum

35
Q

last few centimeters of the large intestine that passes through an opening in the muscles of the pelvic floor

A

anal canal

36
Q

these structures relax during defecation

A

internal & external anal sphincters

37
Q

infected & swollen appendix

A

appendicitis

38
Q

this condition occurs if excess water is left in the intestine

A

diarrhea

39
Q

occurs if too much water is reclaimed by the intestine

A

constipation

40
Q

development of sac-like appendages along the length of the colon

A

diverticulosis

41
Q

inflammation of the diverticula

A

diverticulitis

42
Q

what organs are considered accessory digestive organs?

A

(1) liver
(2) gallbladder
(3) pancreas
(4) biliary apparatus

43
Q

what are functions of the liver?

A

(1) filters toxins from the blood
(2) breaks down old red blood cells
(3) produces bile

44
Q

where is the liver located?

A

in the right quadrant of the abdomen

45
Q

what are the left & right lobes of the liver separated by?

A

falciform ligament

46
Q

these lobes of the liver are considered subdivisions of the right lobe

A

caudate & quadrate lobe

47
Q

carries nutrient-rich blood from GI tract capillaries, spleen & pancreas to the liver

A

hepatic portal vein

48
Q

carries oxygen-rich blood to the river

A

hepatic artery

49
Q

empties into the inferior vena cava

A

hepatic veins

50
Q

this organ arises from the inferior surface of the liver

A

gallbladder

51
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores & concentrates bile

52
Q

emulisfying agent for digestion of fats in small intestine

A

bile

53
Q

network of thin ducts that transport bile from liver & gallbladder to duodenum

A

biliary apparatus

54
Q

name the ducts associated with the biliary apparatus

A

(1) cystic duct - from gallbladder
(2) common hepatic duct - from liver
(3) common bile duct - junction of cystic & common hepatic

55
Q

what functions does the pancreas have?

A

endocrine & exocrine functions

56
Q

production & secretion of insulin & glucagon

A

endocrine functions

57
Q

production of pancreatic juice/enzymes

A

exocrine functions

58
Q

yellowing of skin, conjunctiva & mucous membranes due to deposits of bilirubin

A

jaundice

59
Q

what are different types of jaundice?

A

obstructive, hemolytic, physiologic

60
Q

bile ducts are obstructed by gall stones, so bile cannot drain out of liver and overflows into blood

A

obstructive jaundice

61
Q

red blood cells are broken down into large quantities

A

hemolytic jaundice

62
Q

immature liver cannot excrete the bilirubin as quickly as it is being formed

A

physiologic jaundice

HHP 1100 Terms (15 decks)

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