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HHP 1100 Terms > CH 22&23 > Flashcards

CH 22&23 Flashcards

1
Q

heart located slightly left of midline, deep to the sternum, in ____________

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

inferior conical end

A

apex

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3
Q

posterosuperior surface

A

base of the heart

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4
Q

tough outer sac

A

fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

composed of parietal and visceral layers

A

serous pericardium

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6
Q

contains serous fluid

A

pericardial cavity

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7
Q

serous membrane around heart

A

pericardium

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8
Q

lines internal surface of the body wall

A

parietal pericardium

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9
Q

covers external surface of heart

A

visceral pericardium

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10
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium & areolar connective tissue

A

epicardium

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11
Q

cardiac muscle; thickest layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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12
Q

internal surface of heart chambers, simple squamous epithelium & areolar ct

A

endocardium

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13
Q

groove separating atria & ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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14
Q

separates left and right ventricles

A

anterior/posterior interventricular sulcus

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15
Q

ridges on internal surface of atrial wall

A

pectinate muscles

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16
Q

ensures one way blood flow from RA to RV through AV opening

A

right AV valve/tricuspid

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17
Q

inner wall of each ventricle displays irregular muscular ridges

A

trabeculae carneae

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18
Q

cone-shaped muscle projects anchoring chordae tendineae

A

papillary muscles

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19
Q

connects anterior papillary muscle of right ventricle to atrioventricular septum

A

septomarginal trabecula

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20
Q

ensures one-way flow from ventricle to pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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21
Q

controls blood flow through opening between left atrium & ventricle

A

left AV vale/bicuspid

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22
Q

controls flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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23
Q

why the the left ventricular wall thicker than the right?

A

the right only pumps to the lungs, the left pumps to entire body

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24
Q

closure causes first heart sound “lub”

A

right/left AV valves

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25
Q

closure causes second heart sound “dub”

A

pulmonary/aortic semilunar valves

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26
Q

abnormal heart sounds, can be caused by defective heart valves

A

heart murmurs

27
Q

rigid valves, may have calcium deposits

A

stenotic valves

28
Q

blood passes directly between ventricles

A

ventricular septal defect

29
Q

supplies the right border of the heart

A

right marginal artery

30
Q

venous return of blood from the heart wall occurs through 3 major veins

A

greater, middle, small cardiac vein

31
Q

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

A

coronary artery disease

32
Q

heart exhibits _____________, it initiates its own heartbeats

A

autorythmicity

33
Q

electrical impulses begins at the

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

34
Q

contraction of a chamber is called ____; generates pressure to move blood

A

systole

35
Q

relaxation of a chamber is called; allows chamber to fill with blood prior to the next contraction

A

diastole

36
Q

if one of the atriums or ventricles contract, then

A

the other is in diastole

37
Q

opening between the 2 atria

A

foramen ovale

38
Q

artery between right PA & AA; serves as a bypass for blood from lungs to systemic circulation

A

ductus arteriosus

39
Q

convergence of 2 or more vessels; end arteries to not do this & veins do more often than arteries

A

anastomosis

40
Q

arteries & veins that lie next to each other

A

companion vessels

41
Q

what are the three layers of blood vessel tunics?

A

tunica intima, media, externa

42
Q

capillary walls only contain ______

A

tunica intima

43
Q

_________ is an outer CT, and anchors blood vessels to surroundings

A

tunica externa

44
Q

three types of arteries

A

elastic, muscular, arterioles

45
Q

_______ is the largest arteries & the heart walls contain many of these

A

elastic arteries

46
Q

________ has a proportionally thicker tunica media and are usually named, branch into arterioles

A

muscular arteries

47
Q

_____ are the smallest arteries, and thickness can vary between _____ sizes

A

arterioles

48
Q

______ are the smallest blood vessels, and consists solely of tunica intima, allow for metabolic exchange between blood and tissues

A

capillaries

49
Q

____ are the smallest veins, raising from merging capillaries and merge to form veins

A

venules

50
Q

how much blood do the veins hold at rest?

A

60%

51
Q

most veins contain ____ to prevent pooling of blood, formed from tunica intima

A

valves

52
Q

pressure during ventricular contraction

A

systolic blood pressure

53
Q

pressure during ventricular relaxation

A

diastolic blood pressure

54
Q

_____ supply most of the blood to the head & neck

A

common carotid arteries

55
Q

name the three arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

56
Q

where is the brachiocephalic trunk

A

on the right side of the body only

57
Q

name the six major parts of the descending abdominal aorta from top to bottom

A

celiac trunk, suprarenal, renal, superior mesenteric, gonadal, inferior mesenteric

58
Q

____ supplies blood to a majority of abdominal organs

A

celiac trunk

59
Q

____ supplies blood to the adrenal gland

A

suprarenal arteries

60
Q

____ supplies blood to the kidneys

A

renal arteries_____

61
Q

______ supplies blood to the testicular or ovarian arteries supplying the _____

A

gonadal arteries, gonads

62
Q

this condition develops clots in the veins of the lower limbs, which block a pulmonary artery and is typically caused by inactivity

A

deep vein thrombosis

63
Q

this condition occurs with the values in the veins weaken and fail, causing blood to pool in the veins

A

varicose veins

64
Q

this condition is an extreme dilation of a blood vessel, where the wall becomes very thin and at risk of rupturing

A

aneurysm

HHP 1100 Terms (15 decks)

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