28 A (Female Reproductive System) Flashcards
both female & males have primary sex organs called
gonads
how are the gonads differed by sex?
females have ovaries, males have testes
gonads produce sex cells called
gametes
what is different about the gametes produced by sex?
females produce oocytes, males produce sperm
what sex hormones do females product?
estrogen & progesterone
what sex hormones do males produce?
testosterone
this transports gametes from gonads to sites of ferritization
ducts
describe the structure of the ovaries
paired, oval organs, slightly larger than an almond
what are the functions of ovaries?
(1) oocyte (gamete) maturation & release
(2) sex hormone secretion (estrogen & progesterone)
this structure is anchored within the pelvic cavity by cords & sheets of CT
supporting tissues
list the types of supporting tissues
(1) broad ligament
(2) ovarian ligament
(3) suspensory ligament
peritoneum draping uterus
broad ligament
anchors ovary to lateral uterus
ovarian ligament
attaches lateral ovary to pelvic wall
suspensory ligament
within the ovary’s cortex (outer region), there are thousands of what?
ovarian follicles
what is an ovarian follicle?
a follicle consisting of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells
this structure extends laterally from both sides of the uterus towards ovaries
uterine tubes
where are oocytes usually fertilized?
in the lateral part of the uterine tube
what are the regions of the uterine tube?
(1) infundibulum
(2) ampulla
(3) isthmus
funnel-shaped lateral margin of the uterine tube
infundibulum
what are the fingerlike projections of the infundibulum called?
fimbriae
expanded region medial to infundibulum
ampulla
what part of the uterine tube does fertilization typically occur?
ampulla
medial to the ampulla & represents ~ 1/3 of entire length of uterine tube
isthmus
pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ within the pelvic cavity
uterus
inner space/cavity of the uterus
lumen
lumen is continuous with the uterine tubes in what way?
superolaterally
lumen is continuous with the vagina in what way?
inferiorly
what are functions of the uterus?
(1) site of implantation
(2) supports/protects developing embryo/fetus
(3) ejects fetus during labor
what are the main regions of the uterus? list them as superior to inferior.
(1) fundus
(2) body
(3) isthmus
(4) cervix
this region of the uterus is the superior dome
fundus
this region of the uterus is a major part with thick walls
body
this region of the uterus is a constricted segment between the body & cervix
isthmus
this region of the uterus is the narrow, inferior part projecting into the vagina
cervix
what are the layers of the uterine wall? list them from superficial to deep
(1) perimetrium
(2) myometrium
(3) endometrium
superficial layer of the uterine wall
perimetrium
thick, muscular layer of the uterine wall
myometrium
what type of muscle makes up the myometrium layer?
smooth muscle
mucosa layer of the uterine wall that secretes mucus
endometrium
what are the two layers within the endometrium?
basal & functional layer
this layer is adjacent to myometrium
basal layer
this layer changes thickness during the uterine cycle & is shed as menses if fertilization/implantation don’t occur
functional layer
this structure is a tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
da coochie
the opening of the vagina
vaginal orifice
near the opening of the vagina, what do the folds of the mucosa form?
a membranous barrier called the hymen
subcutaneous connective tissue immediately anterior to pubic symphysis
mons pubis
paired, thickened folds of skin
labia majora
what are traits associated with the labia majora?
(1) it is covered with hair
(2) homologous to the scrotum
paired folds medial to the labia majora
labia minora
compared to the labia majora, the labia minora is
devoid of hair
space between the labia minora is called
the vestibule
within the vestibule rests what structures?
urethral opening & vaginal orifice
this structure is a small erectile body
da clitoris
where is the clitoris located?
at anterior regions of labia minora
what forms the body of the clitoris?
two small erectile bodies called corpora cavernosa
what caps the body of the clitoris?
the glans
an external fold of the labia minora
the prepuce
what does the prepuce do?
it forms a hoodlike cover for the clitoris
compound exocrine gland that produces/secretes milk
mammary gland
cylindrical projection of the breast
the nipple
what does the nipple contain?
multiple openings from internal secretory ducts
pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple
the areola
bands of CT that support the breast
suspensory ligaments
how do suspensory ligaments support the breast?
it attaches its skin to the deep fascia of the pectoralis major muscle
mammary glands are divided into ____, which are further divided into _____
lobes, lobules
what do lobules contain?
secretory units called alveoli
what does alveoli do?
produces milk
where does milk produced from the alveoli go?
it drains into lactiferous ducts
expansions of the ducts as they approach the nipple
lactiferous sinuses
these are benign tumors that arise in the myometrium
uterine fibroids
what are symptoms of uterine fibroids?
(1) abdominal pain
(2) heavy menstrual bleeding
(3) urinary incontinence
what is a hysterectomy?
surgical procedure that removes the uterus
this condition that causes the endometrium to grow outside the uterus
endometriosis
what causes endometriosis?
retrograde menstruation
