28 A (Female Reproductive System)

Question 1

both female & males have primary sex organs called

Answer 1

gonads

Question 2

how are the gonads differed by sex?

Answer 2

females have ovaries, males have testes

Question 3

gonads produce sex cells called

Answer 3

gametes

Question 4

what is different about the gametes produced by sex?

Answer 4

females produce oocytes, males produce sperm

Question 5

what sex hormones do females product?

Answer 5

estrogen & progesterone

Question 6

what sex hormones do males produce?

Answer 6

testosterone

Question 7

this transports gametes from gonads to sites of ferritization

Answer 7

ducts

Question 8

describe the structure of the ovaries

Answer 8

paired, oval organs, slightly larger than an almond

Question 9

what are the functions of ovaries?

Answer 9

(1) oocyte (gamete) maturation & release
(2) sex hormone secretion (estrogen & progesterone)

Question 10

this structure is anchored within the pelvic cavity by cords & sheets of CT

Answer 10

supporting tissues

Question 11

list the types of supporting tissues

Answer 11

(1) broad ligament
(2) ovarian ligament
(3) suspensory ligament

Question 12

peritoneum draping uterus

Answer 12

broad ligament

Question 13

anchors ovary to lateral uterus

Answer 13

ovarian ligament

Question 14

attaches lateral ovary to pelvic wall

Answer 14

suspensory ligament

Question 15

within the ovary’s cortex (outer region), there are thousands of what?

Answer 15

ovarian follicles

Question 16

what is an ovarian follicle?

Answer 16

a follicle consisting of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells

Question 17

this structure extends laterally from both sides of the uterus towards ovaries

Answer 17

uterine tubes

Question 18

where are oocytes usually fertilized?

Answer 18

in the lateral part of the uterine tube

Question 19

what are the regions of the uterine tube?

Answer 19

(1) infundibulum
(2) ampulla
(3) isthmus

Question 20

funnel-shaped lateral margin of the uterine tube

Answer 20

infundibulum

Question 21

what are the fingerlike projections of the infundibulum called?

Answer 21

fimbriae

Question 22

expanded region medial to infundibulum

Answer 22

ampulla

Question 23

what part of the uterine tube does fertilization typically occur?

Answer 23

ampulla

Question 24

medial to the ampulla & represents ~ 1/3 of entire length of uterine tube

Answer 24

isthmus

Question 25

pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ within the pelvic cavity

Answer 25

uterus

Question 26

inner space/cavity of the uterus

Answer 26

lumen

Question 27

lumen is continuous with the uterine tubes in what way?

Answer 27

superolaterally

Question 28

lumen is continuous with the vagina in what way?

Answer 28

inferiorly

Question 29

what are functions of the uterus?

Answer 29

(1) site of implantation (2) supports/protects developing embryo/fetus (3) ejects fetus during labor

Question 30

what are the main regions of the uterus? list them as superior to inferior.

Answer 30

(1) fundus (2) body (3) isthmus (4) cervix

Question 31

this region of the uterus is the superior dome

Answer 31

fundus

Question 32

this region of the uterus is a major part with thick walls

Answer 32

body

Question 33

this region of the uterus is a constricted segment between the body & cervix

Answer 33

isthmus

Question 34

this region of the uterus is the narrow, inferior part projecting into the vagina

Answer 34

cervix

Question 35

what are the layers of the uterine wall? list them from superficial to deep

Answer 35

(1) perimetrium (2) myometrium (3) endometrium

Question 36

superficial layer of the uterine wall

Answer 36

perimetrium

Question 37

thick, muscular layer of the uterine wall

Answer 37

myometrium

Question 38

what type of muscle makes up the myometrium layer?

Answer 38

smooth muscle

Question 39

mucosa layer of the uterine wall that secretes mucus

Answer 39

endometrium

Question 40

what are the two layers within the endometrium?

Answer 40

basal & functional layer

Question 41

this layer is adjacent to myometrium

Answer 41

basal layer

Question 42

this layer changes thickness during the uterine cycle & is shed as menses if fertilization/implantation don't occur

Answer 42

functional layer

Question 43

this structure is a tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

Answer 43

da coochie

Question 44

the opening of the vagina

Answer 44

vaginal orifice

Question 45

near the opening of the vagina, what do the folds of the mucosa form?

Answer 45

a membranous barrier called the hymen

Question 46

subcutaneous connective tissue immediately anterior to pubic symphysis

Answer 46

mons pubis

Question 47

paired, thickened folds of skin

Answer 47

labia majora

Question 48

what are traits associated with the labia majora?

Answer 48

(1) it is covered with hair (2) homologous to the scrotum

Question 49

paired folds medial to the labia majora

Answer 49

labia minora

Question 50

compared to the labia majora, the labia minora is

Answer 50

devoid of hair

Question 51

space between the labia minora is called

Answer 51

the vestibule

Question 52

within the vestibule rests what structures?

Answer 52

urethral opening & vaginal orifice

Question 53

this structure is a small erectile body

Answer 53

da clitoris

Question 54

where is the clitoris located?

Answer 54

at anterior regions of labia minora

Question 55

what forms the body of the clitoris?

Answer 55

two small erectile bodies called corpora cavernosa

Question 56

what caps the body of the clitoris?

Answer 56

the glans

Question 57

an external fold of the labia minora

Answer 57

the prepuce

Question 58

what does the prepuce do?

Answer 58

it forms a hoodlike cover for the clitoris

Question 59

compound exocrine gland that produces/secretes milk

Answer 59

mammary gland

Question 60

cylindrical projection of the breast

Answer 60

the nipple

Question 61

what does the nipple contain?

Answer 61

multiple openings from internal secretory ducts

Question 62

pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple

Answer 62

the areola

Question 63

bands of CT that support the breast

Answer 63

suspensory ligaments

Question 64

how do suspensory ligaments support the breast?

Answer 64

it attaches its skin to the deep fascia of the pectoralis major muscle

Question 65

mammary glands are divided into ____, which are further divided into _____

Answer 65

lobes, lobules

Question 66

what do lobules contain?

Answer 66

secretory units called alveoli

Question 67

what does alveoli do?

Answer 67

produces milk

Question 68

where does milk produced from the alveoli go?

Answer 68

it drains into lactiferous ducts

Question 69

expansions of the ducts as they approach the nipple

Answer 69

lactiferous sinuses

Question 70

these are benign tumors that arise in the myometrium

Answer 70

uterine fibroids

Question 71

what are symptoms of uterine fibroids?

Answer 71

(1) abdominal pain (2) heavy menstrual bleeding (3) urinary incontinence

Question 72

what is a hysterectomy?

Answer 72

surgical procedure that removes the uterus

Question 73

this condition that causes the endometrium to grow outside the uterus

Answer 73

endometriosis

Question 74

what causes endometriosis?

Answer 74

retrograde menstruation