19B (Vision & Hearing)

Question 1

these muscles are on the external eye

Answer 1

extrinsic muscles

Question 2

these close to spread tears

Answer 2

eyelids

Question 3

inner corner of eye

Answer 3

medial canthus

Question 4

outer corner of eye

Answer 4

lateral canthus

Question 5

fleshy portion of eye

Answer 5

lacrimal caruncle

Question 6

lining of the eyelids & over the anterior surface of eye, does not cover cornea

Answer 6

conjunctiva

Question 7

this structure produces, collects and drains tears from the eye

Answer 7

lacrimal apparatus

Question 8

this produces tears

Answer 8

lacrimal gland

Question 9

this collects tears

Answer 9

lacrimal sac

Question 10

this is where excess tears drain

Answer 10

lacrimal canaliculi

Question 11

this is where tears drain through nasal cavity

Answer 11

nasolacrimal duct

Question 12

this is in front of the lens and contains circulating aqueous humor

Answer 12

anterior cavity

Question 13

this is behind the lens and contains permanent vitreous humor

Answer 13

posterior cavity

Question 14

name the three eye wall layers

Answer 14

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, retina

Question 15

what does the fibrous tunic contain?

Answer 15

sclera and cornea

Question 16

what does the vascular tunic contain?

Answer 16

iris, ciliary body, choroid

Question 17

what layers does the retina have?

Answer 17

a pigmented layer and a neural layer

Question 18

this condition is the result is increased inner eye pressure

Answer 18

glaucoma

Question 19

transparent layer of the eye

Answer 19

cornea

Question 20

white of the eye, provides shape and protects internal eye

Answer 20

sclera

Question 21

contains vast network of capillaries supplying nutrients and oxygen to the retina

Answer 21

choroid

Question 22

changes the lens shape

Answer 22

ciliary body

Question 23

this is the pigmented part of the anterior eye, controls the amount of light that enters eye

Answer 23

iris

Question 24

name the two types of pupillae

Answer 24

sphincter and dilator (allows more light in)

Question 25

the internal layer of the eye

Answer 25

retina

Question 26

this layer of the retina houses photoreceptors and converts energy into nerve impulses

Answer 26

neural layer

Question 27

name the three distinct layers from the neural layer

Answer 27

photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Question 28

this is the outermost neural layer composed of rods & cones

Answer 28

photoreceptor cells

Question 29

this neural layer synapses photoreceptor & ganglion cells

Answer 29

bipolar cells

Question 30

innermost neural layer, axons of these cells leave the retina and form the optic nerve

Answer 30

ganglion cells

Question 31

characteristics of rods

Answer 31

more rods than cones, numerous in the periphery, night vision, low acuity, vision in shades of gray

Question 32

characteristics of cones

Answer 32

less cones than rods, concentrated in fovea, day vision high acuity, color vision

Question 33

this is a blind spot on the retina lacking photoreceptors

Answer 33

optic disc

Question 34

a depression in the retina containing the highest proportion of cones & no rods, sharpest vision

Answer 34

fovea centralis

Question 35

where is the fovea centralis located?

Answer 35

within the macula lutea

Question 36

this is a transparent structure of the eye

Answer 36

the lens

Question 37

accommodation

Answer 37

ability of the lens to change shape to focus an image

Question 38

the ability to distinguish fine detail

Answer 38

visual acuity

Question 39

someone with 20/20 vision is considered

Answer 39

normal

Question 40

someone with 20/ <20 has vision considered

Answer 40

better than normal

Question 41

someone with 20/ >20 has vision considered

Answer 41

worse than normal

Question 42

inability to focus on objects that are far

Answer 42

myopia

Question 43

what is the cause of myopia?

Answer 43

eyeball is too long--focuses in front of fovea

Question 44

what can fix myopia?

Answer 44

lenses that add width to the eye

Question 45

inability to focus on objects that are close

Answer 45

hyperopia

Question 46

what is the cause of hyperopia?

Answer 46

eyeball is too short

Question 47

what can fix hyperopia?

Answer 47

lenses that add length to the eye

Question 48

this condition is an increase in farsightedness with age

Answer 48

presbyopia

Question 49

this condition is irregularity on surface of cornea or lens, light will scatter

Answer 49

astigmatism

Question 50

this condition is inflammation of the conjunctiva

Answer 50

conjunctivitis or pinkeye

Question 51

the condition is the clouding of the lens

Answer 51

cataracts

Question 52

this condition has small unstable blood vessel developing along the retina and will cause blindspots if ruptured

Answer 52

diabetic retinopathy

Question 53

this condition is the misalignment of the eyes

Answer 53

strabismus

Question 54

name the 3 distinct regions of the ear

Answer 54

external, middle, inner ear

Question 55

name the parts of the external ear

Answer 55

auricle, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 56

within the external acoustic meatus, glands will product what?

Answer 56

cerumen/earwax

Question 57

name the parts of the middle ear

Answer 57

auditory tube, auditory ossicles

Question 58

connects middle ear to nasopharynx

Answer 58

auditory tube

Question 59

these are small bones are transmit sound waves to inner ear

Answer 59

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 60

what parts make up the equilibrium portion of the inner ear?

Answer 60

utricle, saccule, semicircular glands

Question 61

what part makes up the hearing portion of the inner ear?

Answer 61

the cochlea

Question 62

what parts of the inner ear detects static equilibrium?

Answer 62

utricle & saccule

Question 63

what part of the inner ear detects dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 63

semicircular ducts

Question 64

when hair cells bend, electrical activity is sent to the brain via the ______

Answer 64

vestibular nerve

Question 65

there are three semicircular canals, and each have an expanded region called ____

Answer 65

the ampulla

Question 66

this is an elevated region of ampulla covered by an epithelium of hair cells

Answer 66

crista ampullaris

Question 67

the hair cells embed into an overlying gelatinous dome is called the _____

Answer 67

capula

Question 68

within the cochlea is the ______, filled w/ endolymph

Answer 68

cochlear duct

Question 69

on either side of the cochlea duct are two chambers filled with perilympth

Answer 69

scala vestibuli & tympani

Question 70

_____ of cochlea contain hair cells, which have extensions projecting into an overlying gelatinous mass called the _____

Answer 70

spiral organ, tectorial membrane

Question 71

____ interprets sensory impulses

Answer 71

temporal lobe

Question 72

sound waves of various frequencies stimulate different parts of basilar membrane

Answer 72

pitch discrimination

Question 73

louder sound sources cause tympanic membrane to vibrate more in & out

Answer 73

loudness discrimination

Question 74

this condition is ringing in the airs

Answer 74

tinnitis

Question 75

this condition is caused by fluid buildup in the middle ear

Answer 75

conductive hearing loss

Question 76

this condition is an ear infection at either of the 3 distinct regions

Answer 76

otitis