Ch 23: What is multiple sclerosis

Question 1

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 1

fluctuating, chronic central nervous system disorder
progressive multifocal demyelination and inflammation of white matter
20-40 years onset

Question 2

MS: clinical picture

Answer 2

first: sensitivity problems and temporary vision problems 
loss of strength
speech disorders
sexual dysfunction
pain
fatigue
bladder disorders
disturbed coordination 
neuropsychiatric
cognitive

Question 3

MS: 3 subtypes

Answer 3

1. relapsing-remitting MS: periods of recurrence alternating with periods of remission (almost free of symptoms)
2. secondary progressive MS: progressive decline with almost no remission (most MS patients develop this form in a few years)
3. Primary progressive MS: continuous progression of the symptoms right from the beginning

Question 4

MS: treatment

Answer 4

high dose of corticosteroids –> alleviate clinical symptoms
medicines that prevent exacerbations

Question 5

MS: causes

Answer 5

genetic component (triggered by exogenous factors)
colder/less light countries --> higher prevalence (vitamin D?) `

Question 6

MS: cognitive impairments

Answer 6

5-10% dementia
motor/visual impairments: influence on tests
memory and speed processing
attention tasks

Question 7

relationship severity cognitive impairment and MS?

Answer 7

no strong relationship

Question 8

MS: emotional disorders

Answer 8

higher prevalence of

• anxiety
• psychotic
• bipolar