Ch 13: What is intelligence Flashcards
Spearman: g factor
specific factor for intelligence
one general intelligence that causes interindividual performance on cognitive tests
hereditary
Galton
smart person has good neural network
less smart person has poorly functioning neural network
Thurstone: 7 primary mental abilities
factor analysis
- verbal comprehension
- word fluency
- number facility
- spatial visualisation
- associative memory
- perceptual speed
- inductive reasoning
Gardner: 7 mental sources for information processing
- verbal linguistic
- logical-mathematical
- spatial-visual
- bodily-kinaesthetic
- musical
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
Sternberg
g factor
+ specific forms: analytical, creative, practical
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
children education form
first intelligence test
Wechsler: WAIS
15 subtests --> verbal & performance raw --> standard scores four total index scores - verbal comprehension - processing speed - working memory - perceptual reasoning
Cattell
crystallised and fluid intelligence
crystallised hardly deteriorates, fluid is greatly affected by age
Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM)
independent of cultural factors
measures g factor in most unbiased way
The national adult reading test
estimate premorbid intelligence levels
measures vocabulary by asking the test subject to read out a list of irregular words
The Flynn effect
the average intelligence level increases by around five IQ points per year
Where is intelligence located in the brain
certain brain structures that are responsible for the heredity of the g factor –> amount of gray matter in the frontal areas
white matter is also related to IQ and highly hereditary
Neural efficiency hypothesis
more intelligent people have less activation for a particular task because they work more efficiently and therefore do not need more cells
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
can be used to measure how efficiently a signal is transmitted
left hemisphere is correlated with verbal & performance IQ
–> level of intelligence seems to be strongly correlated with the quality of fiber pathways
Hold tests
tests in which scores do not decrease with age and are also not susceptible to brain damage
not always valid
