Ch 19: What is Alzheimer disease

Question 1

Double aging

Answer 1

there are more elderly people who are getting older and older

Question 2

Alzheimer: risk factors

Answer 2

1. age
2. women
3. genetic predisposition

Question 3

Alzheimer: diagnosis

Answer 3

per exclusion

Question 4

type of dementia (etiological diagnosis)

Answer 4

NIA-AA: low medium high probability of Alzheimer

definite diagnosis only post mortem or with genetic mutation

Question 5

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

Answer 5

amnestic MCI
non-amnestic MCI
MCI in various domains

Dementia occurs in 10-15% within 5 years

Question 6

Alzheimer: neuropathology

Answer 6

plaques and tangles –> cell death and atrophy

Question 7

amyloid cascade hypothesis

Answer 7

abnormal cleavage of the APP –> imbalance production and breakdown of amyloid beta protein –> plaques
later stage: tangles of the tau protein are added –> correlates with severity

Question 8

Vascular hypothesis

Answer 8

vascular damage contributes to alzheimer

addiction to amyloid cascade hypothesis

Question 9

Alzheimer: diagnosis

Answer 9

hetroanamnese

MMSE (mini mental state exam)

Question 10

Alzheimer: neuropsychological symptoms

Answer 10

• memory
  
  • initial phase: anterograde episodic memory
  • later stage: retrograde
• sense of orientation
• language
• executive functioning when disease develops

Question 11

Types of dementia

Answer 11

• Alzheimer: memory
• Lewy body dementia: less memory problems than alzheimer
• semantic dementia: language
• primary progressive dementia: language
• vascular dementia: slowness + decreased mental flexibility

Question 12

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA)

Answer 12

visual form of alzheimer

visual dysfunctions, memory + executive intact