Ch 23 Quiz Flashcards
Are chemical organic compounds composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen that are primarily plant products
Main function is to supply fuel for energy and for all basic cellular activities.When digested, it is converted into glucose which is carried by the blood stream to cells that need energy.
Divided into three groups based on the complexity of their molecules:
- simple sugars; sugar, molasses, syrup, honey candy, baked goods…
- complex; starch, whole grain, cereal, pasta, rice, fruit
- dietary fiber; bran, oatmeal, whole-grain bread, beans, seeds
Carbohydrates
CHO
A type of carbohydrate
It is the portion of a plant that cannot be digested or absorbed.
it adds bulk to the intestinal track that stimulates peristalsis and promotes regular bowel movements.
it can lower blood cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease.
Fiber
A.k.a. roughage
They are the storage form of fuel used to back up carbohydrates as an available energy source.
They provide essential fatty acids and are needed for the absorption of the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E & K.
Adipose tissue is the stored form of this nutrient in the body. It supports and protects vital organs, insulates the body to help in the regulation of body temperature and plays an important role in protecting nerve fibers and relaying nerve impulses
Two types:
-saturated; denser and heavier (whole milk, eggs, lard, meat)
-unsaturated; monounsaturated(olive, olive oil, peanuts, peanut oil)
polyunsaturated (soy oils, cottonseed, safflower oil)
Fats
They are very large, complex molecules that are composed of units known as amino acid’s. These are the materials the body uses to build and repair tissues. 20 amino acids are necessary for normal growth and maintenance of tissues.Of these, eight are essential amino acids that must be included in the diet because humans do not have the enzymes necessary for their formation
To types:
- complete; comes from animal sources and has a mixture of all eight essential amino acids
- incomplete; comes from vegetables and does not supply the body with the 8 essential amino acids
Proteins
They are organic substances that occur in a minute quantities in the plant and animal issues; they are needed for specific metabolic processes to proceed normally.
They function as catalysts and to help or allow metabolic reactions to proceed
Two types:
- fat soluble; A, D, E and K
- water soluble; B complex and C
Vitamins
The human body requires these nutrients in relatively small amount however they are absolutely essential for life and at least 13 our needed to maintain a healthy state
They contribute to the body’s water-electrolyte balance and acid-base balance and are essential components of enzymes. They also help regulate muscular and nervous activities, blood clotting and normal heart rhythm.
Examples: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, phosphorus and zinc.
Minerals and electrolytes
80% of the body is made up of this nutrient
Functions:
-plays a key role in the maintenance of body temperature
-acts as a solvent and the medium for most bio chemical reactions
-acts as the vehicle for transport of substances such as other
nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and metabolic waste
-acts as a lubricant for joints and mucous membranes
Water
Provides nutrients that are lacking in the persons diet or nutrient imbalances caused by disease or medications. These nutrients must be taken so specific metabolic processes can proceed normally.
Vitamin supplements
A type of diet
- Balance the intake of calories with those expended
- with aging, calories should decrease and physical activity increase to prevent gradual weight gain over time
- those who of you need to lose weight should do so slowly
- reducing the caloric intake by 50-100 cal per day prevents weight gain; reducing it by 500 cal a day promote weight loss.
- Control portion sizes and reduce the intake of saturated fat‘s, added sugar’s, and alcohol.
Weight control
A type of diet
The basic goal of managing the disease is to maintain consistent control of blood glucose levels.
- Five servings of dark colored fruits and vegetables and six of whole grains each day
- to weekly servings of fatty fish
- complex carbohydrates that are high in fiber
- monounsaturated fats
- Daily serving of nuts, seeds or lagoons
- fish or soy over poultry or other meat
- avoidance of fatty diet’s, especially those with high protein low carbohydrate foods
- reduce salt intake
- avoidance of saturated fats and trans fats
Diabetic diet
A type of diet
The goals for this diet our to encourage the patient to eat foods that reduce overall cholesterol levels and LDL, increase HDL, and keep blood pressure within normal limits.
Eat at least 4 1/2 cups of day of a variety of fruits and vegetables.
- Eight6 or more servings a day of a variety of grain products with at least three servings a day of fiber rich whole grains
- eat fish at least twice a week
- include fat free and low-fat milk products, legumes, skinless poultry and lean meats
- choose fats and oil’s with 2 g or less of saturated fat per tablespoon
- limit the intake of foods high in calories or low in nutrition
- limit foods high in saturated fat and trans fat
- eat less than 1500 mg of sodium a day
- cut back on beverages and food with added sugar’s
- eat at least four servings a week of nets, legumes, and seeds
- quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke
- women should limit their alcohol intake to one drink a day; men 2 drinks a day
- balance calorie intake with the number of calories burned each day
- get enough physical activity to keep fit exercise at least 30 minutes every day
Cardiovascular diet
A type of diet
This died goal is to reduce the intake of sodium
The DASH diet is recommended to help reduce BP
- 4 to 5 servings of both fruits and vegetables
- 7 to 8 servings of whole grains
- 6 ounces or less of meat, fish and poultry
- 4 to 5 servings per week of nuts, seeds and dried beans
- 2 to 3 cups of low-fat or fat-free milk
- 2 to 3 teaspoons of oil‘s
- 5 tablespoons of added sugar per week
- 1500 to 2000 mg of sodium per day
- total fat should not exceed 22% of calories
Hypertension diet
A type of diet
Avoid Foods containing dairy products. Check all GMO labeled products for Dari ingredients.
Use lactose free and lactose reduce milk and milk products
Take lactose tablets or drops when eating or drinking milk products to reduce chances of developing G.I. symptoms.
Lactose sensitivity diet
A type of diet
The goal of this diet is to eliminate specific foods or ingredients from the diet to avoid food reactions.
Use the elimination diet to figure out which are the problem foods then avoid those foods. Read all GMO labeled products for possible food allergies
Food allergy diet
