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The Medical Assistant > Ch 20 Infection Control > Flashcards

Ch 20 Infection Control Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

And exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction that in severe cases leads to vascular collapse, bronchospasm and shock.

A

Anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Immunoglobulins Produced by the immune system in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigenic substances

A

Antibodies

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3
Q

Foreign substance that causes the production of a specific antibody

A

Antigen

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4
Q

Substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms on living tissue so they are used to cleanse the skin,wounds, etc…

A

Antiseptic

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5
Q

Pertaining to a disturbance in the immune system in which the body reacts against its own tissue

EX. Multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systematic lupus erythematosus

A

Autoimmune

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6
Q

Infection caused by a yeast that typically affects the vagina mucosa and skin.

A

Candidiasis

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7
Q

To form into clots

A

Coagulate

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8
Q

Soiled with pathogen’s or infectious material; non-sterile

A

Contaminated

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9
Q

A liquid chemical that is capable of illuminating many or all pathogen’s but is not effective against bacterial spores; it cannot be used on skin

A

Disinfectant

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10
Q

Micro organisms that live on one within the body; they compete with disease producing micro organisms and provide a natural immunity against certain sections.

A

Flora

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11
Q

Contaminated, nonliving objects that Can transmit infectious organisms.

A

Fomites

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12
Q

Agents that destroy pathogenic organisms

A

Germicide

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13
Q

Pertaining to a characteristic, condition, or disease transmitted from parent to offspring on the DNA chain

A

Hereditary

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14
Q

A protein formed when a cell is exposed to a virus; protein blocks viral action on the cell and protects against viral invasion.

A

Interferon

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15
Q

Infections that are acquired in a healthcare setting

A

Nasocomial Infections

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16
Q

Infections caused by a normally non-pathogenic organisms in a host his resistance has been decreased.

A

Opportunistic infections

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17
Q

A substance that relieves or alleviate the symptoms of a disease without curing the disease.

A

Palliative

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18
Q

The injection or introduction of substances into the body by any route other than the digestive track.

EX: injections

A

Parenteral

19
Q

Pertaining to a disease causing microorganism.

A

Pathogenic

20
Q

Allowing a substance to pass or soak through

A

Permeable

21
Q

The presence of pus forming organisms in the blood.

A

Pyemia

22
Q

The reoccurrence of the symptoms of a disease after a parent recovery.

A

Relapse

23
Q

The partial or complete disappearance of the clinical and subjective characteristics of a chronic or malignant disease.

A

Remission

24
Q

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose.

A

Rhinitis

25
Q

I think world, dormant form of bacteria that is very resistant to disinfection measures.

A

Spore

26
Q

Free of all micro organisms, pathogenic and nonpathogenic.

A

Sterile

27
Q

Any fungal skin disease that results in scalene, itching, and inflammation.

A

Tinea

28
Q

A skin irruption that creates inflamed wheals; hives.

A

Urticaria

29
Q

Animals or insects that transmit the causative organism’s disease.

A

Vectors

30
Q

Defined as any sustained, harmful alteration of the normal structure, function, or metabolism of an organism or cell.

A

Disease

31
Q

Any disease caused by the growth of pathogenic Michael open isms in the body falls into the category of_______ _______.

A

Infectious diseases

32
Q

When someone is infected with the disease but is unaffected.

A

Carrier

33
Q

This needs nutrients, moisture, body temperature, oxygen, and a neutral pH in order to flourish.

A

Conditions required for microbial growth

34
Q

This involves 6 steps:

1) infectious agent
2) reservoir host
3) portal of exit
4) mode of transportation
5) portal of entry
6) susceptible host

A

The chain of infection

35
Q

The first step in the chain of infection

Five groups make up the pathogenic agents or microorganisms:
1)Viruses: Intracellular parasites that take over the DNA or RNA of the
invaded cell
2)bacteria: Tiny simple cells that produce disease in a variety of ways
3)protozoa and worms: Unicellular parasites that can replicate and
then multiply rapidly once inside the host
4)fungi: unicellular or multicellular organisms like mushrooms
5)rickettsia: Micro organisms that have characteristics of both
bacteria and viruses

A

Infectious agent

36
Q

The second step in the chain of infection

They may be people, insects, animals, water, food or contaminated instruments and equipment.

They supply nutrition for the organism, allowing it to multiply.

A

Reservoir host

37
Q

The third step in the chain of infection

This step has to do with how the pathogen escapes the reservoir host

Exits include the mouth, nose, eyes, ears, intestines, urinary track, reproductive tract and open wounds

A

Portal of exit

38
Q

The fourth step in the chain of infection

This step deals with how the organisms spread by transmission. It can be either:

  • direct: Occurs from contact with an infected person or with discharges from an infected person
  • indirect: occurs from droplets in the air expelled by coughing, and speaking or sneezing or from contaminated food or drink or contact with contaminated objects called fomites

At this step proper sanitation of water and food, the use of sanitation, disinfection and sterilization procedures and the use of germicides can help control the transmission of pathogen’s

A

Mode of transmission

39
Q

The fifth step in the chain of infection

This is how the transmitted pathogen games entry into a new host.

The means of entry may include: the mouth, nose, eyes, intestines, urinary track, reproductive system or an open wound

First line of defense is an in tact into the menterry system other defense mechanisms also include tears, cilia, mucous membranes and the pH of body fluids

The second line of defense includes the inflammatory process and the immune system response.The immune system response with humoral immunity or /and cell mediated immunity

A

Portal of entry

40
Q

The sixth step in the chain of infection

This final link in the chain is exposure of the pathogen to a new host and its multiplication w/in the host

Factors that contribute to this step R: location of entry, the dose of organisms, and the individual state of health.

A

Susceptible host

41
Q

When the immune system response by producing anti-bodies specifically designed to combat the presence of a foreign substance or antigen

A

Humoral immunity

42
Q

When the immune system reacts at the cellular level with T cell activity by causing the distraction of pathogenic cells at the site of invasion

A

Cell mediated immunity

43
Q

Happens when the body initiate specific responses to destroy and ruin his pathogenic organisms and their byproducts.

This process results in the 4 classic symptoms:

  • erythema (redness)
  • edema (swelling)
  • pain
  • heat

These actions are designed to increase the number of WBC’s at the injury site

Cell damage> - blood vessels dilate> inflammation and heat
- blood vessel become more permeable> edema> pain
- chemotaxis attracts WBC’s
> All end with causing phagocytosis

A

The inflammatory response

The Medical Assistant (20 decks)

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