Ch. 2

Question 1

Guests vs Hosts?

Answer 1

guests are the tourists/visitors, and the hosts are the residents or locals.

Question 2

What are the two classifications of guests, and what they entail?

Answer 2

Business; non-discretionary, few choices, frequent customer programs. they have little choice over where they’re going and how long they’re there, but can choose transportation, food and bev, attractions etc. Pleasure; affected by discretionary, time and money. and stage of life. these ppl have choice about where , when and how long they’re away for.

Question 3

What are the types of demands?

Answer 3

Effective demand; what really happens, based on tourist stats from visitor and spending rate. Suppressed demand; Potential demand, want to and will go at some point but waiting for right time, or money, etc. (dependant oon self) Deferrred demand, want to travel byt not able to go at that time bc of things like natural disasters, etc. (dependent on location)

Question 4

What is the tourist trip cycle?

Answer 4

pre trip (planning), mvmt, experience (trip), mvmt, post trip (souvenirs, pics, memories)

Question 5

How do we classify guests?

Answer 5

Based on demographic (age, gender, race, sexuality, etc.), psychographic (psych preferences), and motivators

Question 6

What are some examples of demographic factors?

Answer 6

income, family life stage, education, geographic location. age and how theyve grown up with travel.

Question 7

What is a psychocentric traveler?

Answer 7

less risky, like planned trips that theyre familiar with, not particularly adventerous.

Question 8

What is a midcentric traveler?

Answer 8

in the middle, so want some kind of story to tell after with some risk, usu do tropical so caribean, hawaii

Question 9

What is an allocentric traveler?

Answer 9

likes risk, and seeking new destinations and adventures, and finding ppl diff then themselves

Question 10

What are some motivations to travel?

Answer 10

view scenery, visit friends and family, learn about a new culture, physical need, psych need, getting away from work or stressful environments. So there are physical, cultural, interpersonal, and status and prestige motivators.

Question 11

What is the diff btwn push and pull factors?

Answer 11

Push factor is smthn that makes you want to leave home/enviro. internal, unrelated to destination. Pull factor is smthn that is pulling you towards a destination. external, attracting you somewhere.

Question 12

What are some motivators that encompass the aspects of push and pull?

Answer 12

travel as authentication, travel as form of imperialism, sports/events/shows, learning or trying smth nnew. Escaping, seeking.

Question 13

What are the four personality dimensions in the activation model of travel personality?

Answer 13

1. high or low activation; energy, excitability lvl. 2. seeker or avoider of change; degree of desire for novelty or variety (new things). 3. extrovert or introvert; social aspect. 4. internal or external locus of control; ext is thinking that smthn else controls their world, int. thinks that they are in control of their life.

Question 14

What are Cromptons 7 socio-psych motivations for travel?

Answer 14

1. escape for mundane enviro. (work, home, setting, going somewhere diff) 2. exploration and evaluation of self (learning about self) 3. relaxation (mental more then phys, away from responsibilities) 4. prestige (travel to feel/do smthn prestigious) 5. regression (search for lifestyle from a previous era, or doing childlike activities). 6. enhancement of kinship relationships (family vacays and roadtrips force you to be stuck together) 7. opportunities for social interaction (meeting new and different ppl)

Question 15

What are some barriers to leisure travel?

Answer 15

cost, time, health & disability, distance, accessibility, ease, education, age, fear, tastes and experiences

Question 16

What are som personal benefits of tourism?

Answer 16

relaxation/stress relief, self esteem, education and learning, social bonding, understanding and appreciation.

Question 17

How is tourist behvaviour diff then it is in reg life?

Answer 17

spend more money then in norm life bc responsibilities are suspended, greater hedonic/pleasure seeking behaviour, concept of liminality, being btwn time, and making decisions wouldnt make at home.

Question 18

What is a host?

Answer 18

community, ppl, or regions that are hosting visiting guests. direct tourism provider, ppl that work in tourism services, or ppl that volunteer for things like festivals.

Question 19

What is tourism illiteracy?

Answer 19

when ppl, businesses, govs, regions, dont understand or like tourism. or if they dont understand that they are apart of it. dont understand the economic and employment advantages. they dont understand how to use tourist dollars for expansion, and dont want tourists to intrude on their way of life. can be overcome by educating on the advantages of tourism.

Question 20

What are the benefits of tourism?

Answer 20

Economic diversification, more jpbs and wider variety of positions, small business oppportunities, flexible hours. Cultural preservation, bc of interest in culture, cultural buildings are preserved. learning about diff ways of life. Area beautification; keeping area presentable and clean. enhanced transportation, better, faster and more maintained roads, railways, etc. entertainment, shopping and restaurants, better and more options to attract tourists. tax revenues, taxes going to federal, provincial, and municipal gov. Foreign capital, ppl coming form out of country and spending their money here. rec and educational facilities, more and better maintained, unis and colleges receive public funding. modernization, everything is kept up to date. Favorable world image, allows for more hosting of large events.

Question 21

What are the barriers to acceptance of tourism?

Answer 21

crime and negative behaviour; tourists are targets of robberies, but tourists might also be the source of unwanted behaviour. Pollution; water, air, litter, noise, land. Congestion; busy areas or attractions/activities that create traffic and are a burden if interrupting their daily life. Local resentment; large culture diffs where tourists dont follow norms, large economic diffs where rich ppl might be vacationing to impoverished places. Inflation; seasonal or long term where prices go up bc of popularity. Seasonality; leads to imbalances and unemployment during off season with too high demand during busy time. Leakage; a community needs to import goods or workers bc they can not provide it themselves whic hmeans they are paying expenses out of community. Cost of services; need more ambulances, police, etc. for big events that take out of budget. Diversion of gov funds; diverting money and attention to tourist things instead of locals.

Question 22

What are some cultural impacts of tourism?

Answer 22

renewal or survival bc or interest of culture from tourists. Shifting values, tourists or hosts adopting eachothers values. Trinketization, mass production or commercialization of local artifacts, less work for local artisans.

Question 23

How is 1885-87 significant to tourism in canada?

Answer 23

Start of transport by canada railway, opened up travel to certain destinations which led to the creation of banff national park. This started the beginning of the tourism policy in canada.

Question 24

How is tourism in 1930 significant?

Answer 24

after ww1 and during depression there was only really travel to find work, but tourism created jobs and had a focus on hunting and fishing. revenue of tourism fell by more then half during this time. Privae ownership of cars was becoming more common. bc of ww2 tourism devel stopped.

Question 25

How is tourism from in the 1950s and 60s significant?

Answer 25

started to create national tourism offices outside of canada. first one was in New York in 1951 second was in england in 1963. Canadas 1ooth bday highlighted gaps in canads tourism and about how they werent prepared to host large amounts of tourists.

Question 26

How is tourism in the 1970s and 80s significant?

Answer 26

developed the canadian gov office of tourism in 1973, to be renamed once again to Tourism canada in 1982. now looking beyond fishing and hunting as main tourism product. researching and developing new tourism products along with more promotion.

Question 27

How is tourism in 1990 significant?

Answer 27

Now have the canadian tourism commission, which is continuing to promote tourism domestically and abroad.

Question 28

How is tourism in the 2010s significant?

Answer 28

hosted the olympics which increased tourism and used that momentum to continue marketing. CTC had budget of more then 100$ million which was then cut in 2012 which had an affect on how much promotion and marketing there was of canada.

Question 29

Tourism in 2015-19 signficance?

Answer 29

this was pre-covid which was a period of global growth for canadas hosting economy so more ppl were coming to canada. CTC became destination canada in 2016. there was increased funding to focus on target markets such as the US.

Question 30

What was canadas focus for tourism post-covid?

Answer 30

they were focusing on recovery and short term revenue. they were marketing canada domestically as well as internationally. investing funds to support leadership and stewardship.

Question 31

What is the role of the department of foreign affairs?

Answer 31

they give tourists info about insurance, passports, etc. they can help when plannign a trip or when away. and they have info on events and attractions. the yalso are responsible for advancing canadas international relations

Question 32

What is the role of the canada border services agency?

Answer 32

they are for national security and protect against things like trade, human trafficking, they can make arrests. and facilitate the flow of ppl and goods.

Question 33

What is the role of parks canada?

Answer 33

keeping parks and environments clean, so keeping integrity of parks and promoting appreciation for land

Question 34

What is the indigenous stewardship circle?

Answer 34

indigenous voices in parks canadas future. to respect the rights and knowledge systems of the indigenous ppl.

Question 35

What is transport Canada?

Answer 35

keeps safety of transport systems, as well as their efficiency. also responsible for enviro responsible transport

Question 36

What is the purpose of Canadian Heritage?

Answer 36

to promote and foster canadian culture and identity. so museums, sports, languages, and symbols.

Question 37

What are some human resource challenges?

Answer 37

industry image, unskilled workers, shrinking labour pool, poor training practices, high turnover, demand for qualified workers.

Question 38

What is the public health agency of canada?

Answer 38

they’re responsible for assuring clean and safe drinking water and food. as well as mandates for diseases, infections, insects etc. also advise travel health notices.

Question 39

What is industry image?

Answer 39

the toursim industry does not have a good image. workers have long hours, make minimum wage, have to work wknds and holidays/ they ahve few benefits and high seasonality.

Question 40

What is unskilled workers?

Answer 40

workers are not trained properly. there is a lack of formal education for tourism industry.

Question 41

What are poor training practices?

Answer 41

training seen as an expense and not worth it to invest in by employers. not true, as trained workers helps with customer satisfaction, employee ability and confidence lvl, safety increases as well.

Question 42

What is high turnover?

Answer 42

employees are coming and going frequently for a number of factors. if theyre discontent thyre more likely to quit. also when have more temporary or seasonal jobs this increases.

Question 43

What is the shrinking labour pool?

Answer 43

demand for labour is increasing and relies on young workers which is decreasing as well as the number of incomers to canada.

Question 44

What is the demand for qualified workers?

Answer 44

as the industry grows so does the increase in unskilled workers. however there are positions such as manager, event planner, chef, tour guide etc that are skilled positions that pay a reasonable wage.