Ch. 2 Flashcards
Lec 4, 5, 6, & 7
Guests vs Hosts?
guests are the tourists/visitors, and the hosts are the residents or locals.
What are the two classifications of guests, and what they entail?
Business; non-discretionary, few choices, frequent customer programs. they have little choice over where they’re going and how long they’re there, but can choose transportation, food and bev, attractions etc. Pleasure; affected by discretionary, time and money. and stage of life. these ppl have choice about where , when and how long they’re away for.
What are the types of demands?
Effective demand; what really happens, based on tourist stats from visitor and spending rate. Suppressed demand; Potential demand, want to and will go at some point but waiting for right time, or money, etc. (dependant oon self) Deferrred demand, want to travel byt not able to go at that time bc of things like natural disasters, etc. (dependent on location)
What is the tourist trip cycle?
pre trip (planning), mvmt, experience (trip), mvmt, post trip (souvenirs, pics, memories)
How do we classify guests?
Based on demographic (age, gender, race, sexuality, etc.), psychographic (psych preferences), and motivators
What are some examples of demographic factors?
income, family life stage, education, geographic location. age and how theyve grown up with travel.
What is a psychocentric traveler?
less risky, like planned trips that theyre familiar with, not particularly adventerous.
What is a midcentric traveler?
in the middle, so want some kind of story to tell after with some risk, usu do tropical so caribean, hawaii
What is an allocentric traveler?
likes risk, and seeking new destinations and adventures, and finding ppl diff then themselves
What are some motivations to travel?
view scenery, visit friends and family, learn about a new culture, physical need, psych need, getting away from work or stressful environments. So there are physical, cultural, interpersonal, and status and prestige motivators.
What is the diff btwn push and pull factors?
Push factor is smthn that makes you want to leave home/enviro. internal, unrelated to destination. Pull factor is smthn that is pulling you towards a destination. external, attracting you somewhere.
What are some motivators that encompass the aspects of push and pull?
travel as authentication, travel as form of imperialism, sports/events/shows, learning or trying smth nnew. Escaping, seeking.
What are the four personality dimensions in the activation model of travel personality?
- high or low activation; energy, excitability lvl. 2. seeker or avoider of change; degree of desire for novelty or variety (new things). 3. extrovert or introvert; social aspect. 4. internal or external locus of control; ext is thinking that smthn else controls their world, int. thinks that they are in control of their life.
What are Cromptons 7 socio-psych motivations for travel?
- escape for mundane enviro. (work, home, setting, going somewhere diff) 2. exploration and evaluation of self (learning about self) 3. relaxation (mental more then phys, away from responsibilities) 4. prestige (travel to feel/do smthn prestigious) 5. regression (search for lifestyle from a previous era, or doing childlike activities). 6. enhancement of kinship relationships (family vacays and roadtrips force you to be stuck together) 7. opportunities for social interaction (meeting new and different ppl)
What are some barriers to leisure travel?
cost, time, health & disability, distance, accessibility, ease, education, age, fear, tastes and experiences
What are som personal benefits of tourism?
relaxation/stress relief, self esteem, education and learning, social bonding, understanding and appreciation.
How is tourist behvaviour diff then it is in reg life?
spend more money then in norm life bc responsibilities are suspended, greater hedonic/pleasure seeking behaviour, concept of liminality, being btwn time, and making decisions wouldnt make at home.
What is a host?
community, ppl, or regions that are hosting visiting guests. direct tourism provider, ppl that work in tourism services, or ppl that volunteer for things like festivals.
What is tourism illiteracy?
when ppl, businesses, govs, regions, dont understand or like tourism. or if they dont understand that they are apart of it. dont understand the economic and employment advantages. they dont understand how to use tourist dollars for expansion, and dont want tourists to intrude on their way of life. can be overcome by educating on the advantages of tourism.
What are the benefits of tourism?
Economic diversification, more jpbs and wider variety of positions, small business oppportunities, flexible hours. Cultural preservation, bc of interest in culture, cultural buildings are preserved. learning about diff ways of life. Area beautification; keeping area presentable and clean. enhanced transportation, better, faster and more maintained roads, railways, etc. entertainment, shopping and restaurants, better and more options to attract tourists. tax revenues, taxes going to federal, provincial, and municipal gov. Foreign capital, ppl coming form out of country and spending their money here. rec and educational facilities, more and better maintained, unis and colleges receive public funding. modernization, everything is kept up to date. Favorable world image, allows for more hosting of large events.
What are the barriers to acceptance of tourism?
crime and negative behaviour; tourists are targets of robberies, but tourists might also be the source of unwanted behaviour. Pollution; water, air, litter, noise, land. Congestion; busy areas or attractions/activities that create traffic and are a burden if interrupting their daily life. Local resentment; large culture diffs where tourists dont follow norms, large economic diffs where rich ppl might be vacationing to impoverished places. Inflation; seasonal or long term where prices go up bc of popularity. Seasonality; leads to imbalances and unemployment during off season with too high demand during busy time. Leakage; a community needs to import goods or workers bc they can not provide it themselves whic hmeans they are paying expenses out of community. Cost of services; need more ambulances, police, etc. for big events that take out of budget. Diversion of gov funds; diverting money and attention to tourist things instead of locals.
What are some cultural impacts of tourism?
renewal or survival bc or interest of culture from tourists. Shifting values, tourists or hosts adopting eachothers values. Trinketization, mass production or commercialization of local artifacts, less work for local artisans.
How is 1885-87 significant to tourism in canada?
Start of transport by canada railway, opened up travel to certain destinations which led to the creation of banff national park. This started the beginning of the tourism policy in canada.
How is tourism in 1930 significant?
after ww1 and during depression there was only really travel to find work, but tourism created jobs and had a focus on hunting and fishing. revenue of tourism fell by more then half during this time. Privae ownership of cars was becoming more common. bc of ww2 tourism devel stopped.
How is tourism from in the 1950s and 60s significant?
started to create national tourism offices outside of canada. first one was in New York in 1951 second was in england in 1963. Canadas 1ooth bday highlighted gaps in canads tourism and about how they werent prepared to host large amounts of tourists.
How is tourism in the 1970s and 80s significant?
developed the canadian gov office of tourism in 1973, to be renamed once again to Tourism canada in 1982. now looking beyond fishing and hunting as main tourism product. researching and developing new tourism products along with more promotion.
How is tourism in 1990 significant?
Now have the canadian tourism commission, which is continuing to promote tourism domestically and abroad.
How is tourism in the 2010s significant?
hosted the olympics which increased tourism and used that momentum to continue marketing. CTC had budget of more then 100$ million which was then cut in 2012 which had an affect on how much promotion and marketing there was of canada.
Tourism in 2015-19 signficance?
this was pre-covid which was a period of global growth for canadas hosting economy so more ppl were coming to canada. CTC became destination canada in 2016. there was increased funding to focus on target markets such as the US.
What was canadas focus for tourism post-covid?
they were focusing on recovery and short term revenue. they were marketing canada domestically as well as internationally. investing funds to support leadership and stewardship.
What is the role of the department of foreign affairs?
they give tourists info about insurance, passports, etc. they can help when plannign a trip or when away. and they have info on events and attractions. the yalso are responsible for advancing canadas international relations
What is the role of the canada border services agency?
they are for national security and protect against things like trade, human trafficking, they can make arrests. and facilitate the flow of ppl and goods.
What is the role of parks canada?
keeping parks and environments clean, so keeping integrity of parks and promoting appreciation for land
What is the indigenous stewardship circle?
indigenous voices in parks canadas future. to respect the rights and knowledge systems of the indigenous ppl.
What is transport Canada?
keeps safety of transport systems, as well as their efficiency. also responsible for enviro responsible transport
What is the purpose of Canadian Heritage?
to promote and foster canadian culture and identity. so museums, sports, languages, and symbols.
What are some human resource challenges?
industry image, unskilled workers, shrinking labour pool, poor training practices, high turnover, demand for qualified workers.
What is the public health agency of canada?
they’re responsible for assuring clean and safe drinking water and food. as well as mandates for diseases, infections, insects etc. also advise travel health notices.
What is industry image?
the toursim industry does not have a good image. workers have long hours, make minimum wage, have to work wknds and holidays/ they ahve few benefits and high seasonality.
What is unskilled workers?
workers are not trained properly. there is a lack of formal education for tourism industry.
What are poor training practices?
training seen as an expense and not worth it to invest in by employers. not true, as trained workers helps with customer satisfaction, employee ability and confidence lvl, safety increases as well.
What is high turnover?
employees are coming and going frequently for a number of factors. if theyre discontent thyre more likely to quit. also when have more temporary or seasonal jobs this increases.
What is the shrinking labour pool?
demand for labour is increasing and relies on young workers which is decreasing as well as the number of incomers to canada.
What is the demand for qualified workers?
as the industry grows so does the increase in unskilled workers. however there are positions such as manager, event planner, chef, tour guide etc that are skilled positions that pay a reasonable wage.
