ch 14

Question 1

Moral judgment:

Answer 1

judgments about what we consider to be universally right or wrong about human action and character and what is worthy of punishment or reward

Question 2

Moral dumbfounding

Answer 2

gut feelings guide many of our moral judgments

Question 3

Social intuitionist model of moral judgment:

Answer 3

our moral judgments are the product of fast, emotional intuitions, like the feeling that incest is wrong->influence how we reason about the issue in question

Question 4

Moral judgments

Answer 4

involve quick emotional responses followed by more deliberative reasonin

Question 5

trolley dilemma vs footbirdge dilemma

Answer 5

Personal moral dilemmas activated emotional processing regions of brain(footbirdge)

Nonmoral dilemmas and impersonal moral dilemmas activated working memory and deliberative reasoning(trolley)

Question 6

Daniel Batson 3 motives

Answer 6

3 motives are in play, the first two being selfish(egotistic) and the third purely oriented toward unselfishly benefiting another person

Question 7

3 motives

Answer 7

1)social reward
2)personal distress
3)empathic concern

Question 8

empathic concern

Answer 8

:the feeling people experience when identifying with someone in need, accompanied by the intention to enhance the other person’s welfare

**This experience is fast and intuitive and produce selfless altruism

Question 9

A study about the empathic concern against the selfish motive of reducing personal distress

Answer 9

Those with empathic concern volunteered to take more shocks even when they could leave the study

Those who felt mostly distressed and could escape the situations acted upon egoistic tendency and took fewer shocks

Question 10

Janet expeiremnt

Answer 10

Results: participants in high empathy condition volunteered to spend more time with her even when no one would know of their action

Question 11

compassion activates

Answer 11

Compassion activates frontal lobe, vagus nerve,largest bundle of nerves in nervous system),

Question 12

A third kind of evidence of innate altruism comes from regions of our nervous system appear to enable us to act altruistically

Question 13

Volunteerism

Answer 13

unpaid assistance: when people help out with no expectation of receiving any compensation

Question 14

What cultivates empathic concern in people?

Answer 14

Empathic concern is passed down from parents

Question 15

likelihood of volunteerism is predicted by

Answer 15

Self reports of feelings of empathic concern

Question 16

One factor that influence whether people will stop to help others in need is the Presence of other people

Question 17

Bystander intervention

Answer 17

assistance given by people who witness an emergency

Question 18

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 18

knowing that others have seen the situation, each bystander tends to assume the others will intervene-someone else will be better suited to help, thus each person feels less responsibility to help out

Question 19

when do people help victim

Answer 19

People are most likely to help when the harm to the victim is clear and need is unambiguous

Question 20

Bystanders help when victims scream 75-100% but help silent victims only 20-40%

Question 21

People are most likely to help others who are similar to them(same race or ethnicity)

Answer 21

Black Americans showed empathy and more altruistic inclinations when viewing the suffering of black Americans as opposed to white people

Activation in a brain region in empathetic response only when the suffering of own group members

Question 22

Helping in ambiguous situations

Answer 22

People are more likely to provide assistance when they are aware of the events that led to victim’s distress

Results: participants were more likely to help individuals in the vivid condition, where they saw everything unfold bc they understood the nature of the problem

Question 23

Surrounding social context also influences whether bystanders will think help is needed

Answer 23

Pluralistic ignorance occurs when people are unsure of what happening and assume nothing is wrong bc no one else is responding

Question 24

Participants were either alone or in a room with 2 confederates who had calm demenor or in a room with 2 other participants

smoke filled the room

Answer 24

When alone, participants reported danger but when other people were in the room they were less likely to report danger

Question 25

combatting pluralistic ignorance

Answer 25

Bystanders are less likely to fall prey to pluralistic ignorance when they can clearly see one another’s initial expression of concern (before initial expressions are covered up by desire to seem less alarmed)

Question 26

How to get rid of bystander effect:

Answer 26

1)make your need clear and 2)select a specific person