Ch 13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Flashcards
What type of microscopy is needed to visualize viruses? How big are viruses?
- Electron microscopy
- 20-200 nm in size
Influenza viruses are classified by their ______
Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) proteins
Is HIV a DNA or RNA virus?
- RNA
- Needs a DNA intermediate (reverse transcriptase)
What surface protein of HIV interacts with the CD4 receptor of T-cells?
gp120
What nucleic acid is inside an adenovirus?
- Double-stranded DNA
What nucleic acid is inside a picornavirus?
- Single-stranded (+)-RNA
What nucleic acid is inside a retrovirus?
- 2 identical single-stranded (-)-RNAs
What nucleic acid is inside an orthomyxovirus?
- 8 different single-stranded (-)-RNAs
What nucleic acid is inside a hepadnavirus?
- “Gapped” dsDNA
- DNA → RNA → DNA
Virus classifications by genome (I-VII)
- dsDNA (non-enveloped or enveloped)
- ssDNA (all non-enveloped)
- dsRNA (all non-enveloped)
- (+)-RNA (non-enveloped or enveloped)
- (-)-RNA (all enveloped; one or multiple RNAs)
- ssRNA → DNA
- dsDNA → ssRNA → dsDNA
What class of viruses are adenoviruses and papovaviruses?
Class I non-enveloped
What class of viruses are poxvirus and herpesvirus?
Class I enveloped
What class of viruses are parvoviruses?
Class II
What class of viruses are reoviruses?
Class III
What type of virus causes deadly diarrhea in children?
Reoviruses
What class of viruses are picornaviruses and caliciviruses?
Class IV non-enveloped
What class of viruses are togaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses?
Class IV enveloped
What class of viruses are rhabdoviruses, filoviruses, and paramyxoviruses?
Class V with one RNA molecule
What class of viruses are orthomyxoviruses, bunyaviruses, and arenaviruses?
Class V multiple RNAs
What class of viruses are retroviruses?
Class VI
What class of viruses are hepadnaviruses?
Class VII
What type of virus is hepatitis D?
- It’s not a virus, it’s a virusoid
- Piggybacks on hepatitis B