Ch 10: Classification of Microorganisms

Question 1

What is taxonomy?

Answer 1

The science of classifying organisms according to how similar they are to other organisms

Question 2

What is phylogeny?

Answer 2

The study of the evolutionary history of an organism(s)

Question 3

Taxonomy produces a ______, while phylogeny produces ______.

Answer 3

• Hierarchy
• Phylogenetic tree or cladogram

Question 4

The three-domain system is based on similarities in _____.

Answer 4

• ribosomal RNA
• Specifically, 16s rRNA, as is highly conserved across all organisms

Question 5

In 1990, ______ elevated the three cell types to a level above kingdom, proposing the three-domain system.

Answer 5

Carl Woese

Question 6

What taxonomic domain is lacking the hairpin loop of 16s rRNA?

Answer 6

Archaea

Question 7

The membrane lipids of Bacteria and Eukarya are joined to the glycerol backbone by a _____ linkage, while Archaea have a ______ linkage.

Answer 7

• Ester
• Ether

Question 8

_______ is a bacterium that has a nuclear envelope surrounding its nucleoid. It is present-day evidence that plasma membrane involving could produce a nuclear envelope

Answer 8

Gemmata obscuriglobus

Question 9

______ is a protist harboring a photosynthetic endosymbiont that resembles modern-day cyanobacteria. It is a modern-day example of endosymbiotic prokaryote living in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

Cyanophora paradoxa

Question 10

When a new prokaryote is discovered and named, it is published into what reference book?

Answer 10

Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

Question 11

What is the order for the taxonomic hierarchy? (mnemonic on other side :D)

Answer 11

1. Domain → Drunken
2. Kingdom → Kangaroos
3. Phylum → Punch
4. Class → Children
5. Order → On
6. Family → Family
7. Genus → Game
8. Species → Shows

Question 12

What is a strain?

Answer 12

A variant identified by numbers, letters, or name following species designation