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genetics > ch 11 dna replication > Flashcards

ch 11 dna replication Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

dna replication

A

the process in which original dna strands are used as templates for the synthesis of new dna strands

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2
Q

template strand

A

(also called parental strand) a strand of dna that is used to synthesize a complementary strand of dna or rna

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3
Q

daughter strands

A

in dna replication, the two newly made strands of dna

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4
Q

conservative model

A

an incorrect model of dna in which both parental strands of dna remain together following dna replication

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5
Q

semiconservative model

A

the correct model for dna replication which the newly made double-stranded dna contains one parental strand and one daughter strand

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6
Q

dispersive model

A

an incorrect model for dna replication in which segments of parental dna and newly made dna are interspersed in both strands following the replication process

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7
Q

origin of replication

A

a site on a chromosome that functions as an initiation site for the assembly of several proteins that begin the process of dna replication

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8
Q

bidirectional

A
  1. the manner in which two replication forks move, in opposite directions outward from the origin
  2. refers to a regulatory element that can function in either the forward or reverse direction
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9
Q

replication fork

A

the region in which two dna strands have separated and new strands are being synthesized

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10
Q

dnaA protein

A

a protein that binds to a dnaA box sequence at the origin of replication in bacteria and initiates replication

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11
Q

dnaA box

A

a dna sequence that serves as a recognition site for the binding of a dnaA protein

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12
Q

dna helicase

A

an enzyme that separates the two strands of dna

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13
Q

bidirectional replication

A

the phenomenon in which two dna replication forks emanate in opposite directions from an origin of replication

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14
Q

topoisomerase ii

A

(also called dna gyrase) an enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into dna using energy from atp and that can also relax positive supercoils when they occur

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15
Q

single-stranded binding protein

A

proteins that bind to both of the single strands of dna during dna replication and percent them from reforming a double helix

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16
Q

rna primer

A

a short strand of rna, made by primase, that is used to elongate a strand of dna during dna application

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17
Q

primase

A

an enzyme that synthesizes short rna primers during dna replication

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18
Q

leading strand

A

a strand during dna replication that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork

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19
Q

lagging strand

A

a strand during dna replication that is synthesized as short okazaki fragments in the direction away from the replication fork

20
Q

dna polymerase

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of nucleotides to form a strand of dna

21
Q

okazaki fragments

A

short segments of dna that are synthesized to produce the lagging strand during dna replication

22
Q

dna ligase

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond within the sugar-phosphate backbones of two dna strands

23
Q

primosome

A

a protein complex that includes dna helicase and primase

24
Q

replisome

A

a complex that contains a primosome and dimeric dna polymerase

25
Q

dimeric dna polymerase

A

a complex of two dna polymerase holoenzymes that move as a unit during dna replication

26
Q

termination (ter) sequences

A

in e. coli, a pair of sequences in the chromosome that bind a protein known as the termination utilization substance (Tus), which stops the movement of replication forks

27
Q

catenanes

A

intertwined circular molecules

28
Q

conditional mutant

A

a mutant whose phenotype depends on the environmental conditions, such as a temperature-sensitive mutant

29
Q

temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant

A

a mutant that has a normal phenotype at a permissive temperature but a different phenotype, such as failure to grow, at a nonpermissive temperature

30
Q

processive enzyme

A

an enzyme, such as rna or dna polymerase, which glides along the template strand and does not dissociate from it while catalyzing the covalent attachment of nucleotides

31
Q

fidelity

A

a term used to describe the accuracy of a process; if there are few mistakes, a process has a high fidelity

32
Q

proofreading function

A

the ability of dna polymerase to remove mismatched bases from a newly made strand

33
Q

ars elements

A

dna sequences found in yeast that function as origins of replication

34
Q

prereplication complex (preRC)

A

in eukaryotes, an assembly of at least 14 different proteins, including a group of proteins called the origin recognition complex (ORC), which acts as the first initiator of preRC assembly

35
Q

origin recognition complex (ORC)

A

a group of proteins found in eukaryotes that acts as the first initiator of preRC assembly to begin dna replication

36
Q

mcm helicase

A

a group of six proteins needed to complete a process called dna replication licensing, which is necessary for the formation of two replication forks at an origin of replication in eukaryotes

37
Q

dna replication licensing

A

in eukaryotes, occurs when mcm helicase is bound at an origin of replication enabling the formation of two replication forks

38
Q

polymerase switch

A

an exchange of one type of dna polymerase for another type during dna replication

39
Q

translesion-replicating polymerase

A

a type of dna polymerase that can replicate over a dna region that contains an abnormal structure (ie a lesion)

40
Q

flap endonuclease

A

an enzyme that removes small rna flaps that are generated by the action of dna polymerase δ; removes rna primers during dna replication

41
Q

telomeres

A

specialized repeated sequences found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes

42
Q

telomerase

A

the enzyme that recognizes telomeric sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and synthesizes additional repeats of those telomeric sequences

43
Q

telomerase rna component (TERC)

A

the rna component of telomerase

44
Q

telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)

A

the enzyme within telomerase that uses rna as a template to make dna

45
Q

senescent

A

describes a cell that is no longer capable of dividing

genetics (20 decks)

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