Ch 1 Definitions & History

Question 1

Characteristics of vertebrates

Answer 1

Dorsal hollow nerve cord forming brain and spinal cord
Notochord- a stiffened rod below spinal cord, usually replaced by vertebrae
Segmentation- repeating structures; abs, ribs, vertebrae
Pharyngeal(gill) pouches

Question 2

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 2

The reference position

Question 3

Characteristics of anatomical position

Answer 3

Subject is standing up
Head and eyes facing observer
Feet flat on floor and together
Arms down at sides
Palms flat and facing forward
Go by patient's right and left

Question 4

What is superior?

Answer 4

Above/closer to the head

Question 5

What is inferior?

Answer 5

Below/ farther from the head

Question 6

What is cranial?

Answer 6

Head/superior

Question 7

What is caudal?

Answer 7

Tailbone/ inferior

Question 8

What is anterior/ventral?

Answer 8

Closer to front

Question 9

What is posterior/dorsal?

Answer 9

Closer to the back

Question 10

What is lateral?

Answer 10

Farther from the midline

Question 11

What is medial?

Answer 11

Closer to the midline

Question 12

What is superficial?

Answer 12

Closer to the body’s surface

Question 13

What is deep?

Answer 13

Farther from the body’s surface

Question 14

What is proximal?

Answer 14

Closer to place of attachment

Question 15

What is distal?

Answer 15

Farther from place of attachment

Question 16

What is internal/interior?

Answer 16

Closer to center

Question 17

What is external/exterior?

Answer 17

Farther from center

Question 18

What is ipsilateral?

Answer 18

Two things on the same side(right arm and leg)

Question 19

What is contralateral?

Answer 19

Two things on opposite sides

Question 20

Human body plan

Answer 20

A tube within a tube
Bilateral symmetry
Vertebrates