Ch 1 Cells Flashcards
What does the Plasma Membrane do?
It’s responsible for cellular communication.
Controls what can get in and out of cell.
Provides structural support for cell.
Is a barrier for the cell.
What is Active Transport?
Transport that requires the cell to use energy (ATP) in order to move material.
What is Diffusion?
Small, uncharged, or fat-soluble molecules can move freely through the membrane.
Large concentration to low concentration.
What is Osmosis?
Diffusion of ONLY water through cell membrane.
What is required for Active Transport?
An integral protein.
ATP.
What is Endocytosis?
Bulk transport into cell.
The cell engulfs something.
What is Phagocytosis?
A type of Endocytosis.
The membrane engulfs a large particle and brings it into cell.
Cell eating.
What is Pinocytosis?
A type of Endocytosis.
Cell membrane engulfs liquid and what ever is dissolved in liquid.
Cell drinking.
What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?
A type of Endocytosis that only happens if something binds to a receptor.
What is Exocytosis?
Bulk transport out of cell.
What is Cytoplasm?
Made up of 80% water and has ions and chemicals dissolved in it.
Contains cytosol and organelles.
Most chemical reactions take place in cytosol.
What is the Cytoskeleton?
A cell organelle made up of microtubules and microfilaments.
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
Strength and support.
Movement of cellular structures and materials.
What are microvilli?
Membrane extensions containing microfilaments.
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase the surface area of the cell in order to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.
What is the centrosome?
Cytoplasm containing two centrioles, at right angles; each centriole is composed of nine microtubule triplets.
What is the function of the centrosome?
It’s essential for movement of chromosomes during cellular division; organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton.
What are cilia?
Membrane extensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 + 2 array.
What is the function of cilia?
Movement of materials over cell’s surface.
What is the nucleus?
Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoproteins, and chromatin; surrounded by a double-layered membrane(nuclear envelope) containing nuclear pores.
Dense region in nucleoplasm containing DNA and RNA.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic info; control of protein synthesis
What is the peroxisome?
Vesicles containing degradation enzymes.
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process.
What are microfilaments?
Slender strands composed of actin found in the cytosol and forming a dense network under the membrane.
What is the function of microfilaments?
Anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of membrane and work with myosin to cause contraction and active movement of a portion of the cell.
What are intermediate fibers?
Tough, insoluble protein fibers constructed like woven ropes.
What is the function of intermediate fibers?
Provide strength, stabilize the positions of organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm.
What are thick filaments?
Filaments made of myosin.
What is the function of thick filaments?
Produce powerful contractions.
What are microtubules?
Hollow tubes of spherical protein subunits called tubulins.
What is the function of microtubules?
Help maintain cell shape
Anchor organelles in place
Move material and organelles around inside cell
Move things across the surface of the cell with cilia
Move cell with flagella
What are centrioles?
A cylindrical structure composed of 9 microtubule triplets.
What is the function of centrioles?
Move chromosomes during cell division.
What is the Plasma Membrane? (Plasmalemma)
Made up of phospholipid bilayer.
Cholesterol in between tails.
Structure called the Fluid Mosaic Model.
