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Anatomy > Ch 1 Cells > Flashcards

Ch 1 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Plasma Membrane do?

A

It’s responsible for cellular communication.
Controls what can get in and out of cell.
Provides structural support for cell.
Is a barrier for the cell.

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2
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

Transport that requires the cell to use energy (ATP) in order to move material.

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3
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Small, uncharged, or fat-soluble molecules can move freely through the membrane.
Large concentration to low concentration.

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4
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Diffusion of ONLY water through cell membrane.

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5
Q

What is required for Active Transport?

A

An integral protein.

ATP.

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6
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

Bulk transport into cell.

The cell engulfs something.

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7
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

A type of Endocytosis.
The membrane engulfs a large particle and brings it into cell.
Cell eating.

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8
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

A type of Endocytosis.
Cell membrane engulfs liquid and what ever is dissolved in liquid.
Cell drinking.

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9
Q

What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?

A

A type of Endocytosis that only happens if something binds to a receptor.

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10
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Bulk transport out of cell.

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11
Q

What is Cytoplasm?

A

Made up of 80% water and has ions and chemicals dissolved in it.
Contains cytosol and organelles.
Most chemical reactions take place in cytosol.

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12
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

A cell organelle made up of microtubules and microfilaments.

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13
Q

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

A

Strength and support.

Movement of cellular structures and materials.

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14
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments.

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15
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Increase the surface area of the cell in order to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

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16
Q

What is the centrosome?

A

Cytoplasm containing two centrioles, at right angles; each centriole is composed of nine microtubule triplets.

17
Q

What is the function of the centrosome?

A

It’s essential for movement of chromosomes during cellular division; organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton.

18
Q

What are cilia?

A

Membrane extensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 + 2 array.

19
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

Movement of materials over cell’s surface.

20
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoproteins, and chromatin; surrounded by a double-layered membrane(nuclear envelope) containing nuclear pores.
Dense region in nucleoplasm containing DNA and RNA.

21
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic info; control of protein synthesis

22
Q

What is the peroxisome?

A

Vesicles containing degradation enzymes.

23
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process.

24
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

Slender strands composed of actin found in the cytosol and forming a dense network under the membrane.

25
Q

What is the function of microfilaments?

A

Anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of membrane and work with myosin to cause contraction and active movement of a portion of the cell.

26
Q

What are intermediate fibers?

A

Tough, insoluble protein fibers constructed like woven ropes.

27
Q

What is the function of intermediate fibers?

A

Provide strength, stabilize the positions of organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm.

28
Q

What are thick filaments?

A

Filaments made of myosin.

29
Q

What is the function of thick filaments?

A

Produce powerful contractions.

30
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Hollow tubes of spherical protein subunits called tubulins.

31
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A

Help maintain cell shape
Anchor organelles in place
Move material and organelles around inside cell
Move things across the surface of the cell with cilia
Move cell with flagella

32
Q

What are centrioles?

A

A cylindrical structure composed of 9 microtubule triplets.

33
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

Move chromosomes during cell division.

34
Q

What is the Plasma Membrane? (Plasmalemma)

A

Made up of phospholipid bilayer.
Cholesterol in between tails.
Structure called the Fluid Mosaic Model.

Anatomy (14 decks)

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