cgier 32 Flashcards
diffusion is driven by
-random elastic collisions between gas molecules
-no energy or momentum is lost or else they will lose velocity and end uo congregating aka liquefying at the bottom of the container
velocity of the gas molecules is
near the speed of the sound ( 344 m/s) each molecule collides with another 10 to the power 10 times per second
at high speed 02 and co2 — through the —- and equilibrium is established within —-
-diffuse, alveolar wall, 1 second
- inspiration takes 159 trachea 149 alveolus 100 and artery 92, tissue and vein is 40 and mitochondria is 2 partial pressure of 02
the changes of pp is very – and takes — during respiration and values vary as a result of co2 and 02 exchange
quickly 0.75 sec
lungs don’t completely — during —- they retain — of their maximum inspired volume which is —-
empty
expiration
30%
5-6 liters
about — is exchanged during normal respiration which is called —-
500 ml , tidal volume
during respiration — inspired air is not drawn into he alveolus , the alveolus is still filled w — from the previous breathe
02 reaches the — in the alveolus by — across the —-
- fresh
- stale
- stale air
- diffusion
- concentration gradient
true or false: not all inspired air contributed 02 to the blood
true
at the end of the —- air in the trachea and bronchi is — exposed to —-
inspiration , not , pulmonary capillaries
- anatomical dead space is: 150 ml
snorkeling extends the ADS by — and the tidal volume — that’s why we run out of breath faster in snorkelling than swimming
- 70-80 ml
- stays the same ( 500ml)
Laplace law predicts that smaller alveoli will
collaps first and yawning/deep breaths reinflates them
—- often introduce random intermitted —– to inflate the collapsed alveoli in normal respiration
- artificial ventilators
- high pressure inflations
the internal surface of the alveolus is coated with
liquid film and the liquid contains long lipo-proteins they act as surface active agents aka surfactant to reduce the surface tension and increase the concentration.
- polar head= soluble
- non polar tail = insoluble
the surfactant floats in the surface of the film and attracts the
polar water molecule bc water is strongly attracted to the surfactant molecules than other water moliucles
during inhalation the surfactant surface concentration is — so the surface tension is —-
low , high
during exhalation the surfactant molecules are closer together , the concentration —- and the surface tension —
increase, decreases
the surface tension contributes to — the force in expiration and the other half comes from the tissues —- .
50%, elasticity
the effect of the surfactant means healthy lungs only deflates to — of the max inspired air
1/4
(Respiratory Distress Syndrome -RDS) is caused when
the premature babies breathing tis difficult and the foteals surfactant develops late in the pregnancy ( the last 2 weeks ) that’s why they are placed on ventilators until their surfacntant is developed, we could use animal or artificial surfactant ( detergent )
osmosis is the movement/difiisuion of gas molecules from
high to low concentration as they bass the permeable barrier until equilibrium is reached
the solute is larger than the holes of the barrier and the solvent is smaller than the holes the barrier is called
semi- permeable membrane
solvent will pass through the semi permeable membrane to —
dilute high concentration
if the solvent concentration on RHS is less than LHS
solvent flows the semi permeable membrane to re-establish the solvents concnetration equilibrium
the transfer of the solution ends when
osmotic pressure pushing the solvents across the membrane = gauge pressure of the solution on the other side
