cgier 24 Flashcards
waste products are produced by
cellular metabolism
protein and nucleic acid degradation leads to —- such as — and — which are toxic and are eliminated by —-
- nitrogenous waste
- ammonia (NH3) and urea ( CO(NH2)2))
- excretion
the main excretory organ is — and the urinary system consist of —
- kindney
-ureturs , kidney , and the bladder
—- transports the urine from the kidney to the bladder
—- carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
—- stores the urine until voided from the body
- ureters
- urthera
- bladder
smooth beam shaped appearance lying one on either side in the — of the — below —
- kidney
- upper lumbar region
- abdominal cavity
- diaphragm
From the invaginated (indented) side of the kidney the — emerges to convey urine to the —-
urteurs , bladder
— are the structural and functional units of the kidney, and each kidney has over 1 million of them.
contains outer — and inner —-
- nephron
- cortex
- medulla
the — lies in the cortex and invaginated by tangle of blood capillaries called —
Bowmans corspule , glomerulus
Each nephron consists of an initial filtering component called the — and the — extends from the —-
- renal corpuscle
- tubule
- renel corspule
Each renal corpuscle contains a compact tuft of interconnected capillary loops called the
glomerulus or glomerular capillaries.
The glomerulus protrudes into a fluid-filled capsule called
Bowman’s capsule
The combination of a glomerulus and a Bowman’s capsule make up the
renel corpucle
is a very narrow, fluid-filled cylinder made up of a single layer of epithelial cells resting on a basement membrane.
renel tubule
the 2 types of nephrons
1-Juxtamedullary Nephrons:
- long loops of hence
- reponsible for osmotic gardient in the medulla for reapportion of water
- contains the renel corpuscle that border the cortex and the medulla
- 15%
-In close proximity with vasa recta, which are long blood vessels running alongside the loops of Henle
2- cortical nephrons:
- most nephrons , 85%
- short or no loops of henle
the urine flow is :
the blood flow is :
1- kidney -> ureters -> bladder - > urthera -> environment
2- aorta -> renel artieres ( afferent - effernt ) -> renel circulation (peritubular capillaries ) -> renel vein
the capillaries of the golomerlous are — which allows large amount of — to pass but low in — bc they r too big
- fenestrated
- solute-rich
- proteins
The inner layer of the glomerular filtration barrier contains a single-celled epithelial lining of — and the cells are called —
- Bowmans capsule
- podocyte
podocyte posses large number of — or — which surrounds the basement membrane.
the clefts of the podocyte are called —- between the filtrate enters the capsular space
- extensions or foot posses
- filtration slits they allow the fluid to pass into the Bowmans capsule
.Blood flows into glomerulus through the — and leaves the glomerulus by —
- afferent artioles
- efferent arteoles
true or false: the proximal tubule exists the Bowmans capsule
true
true or false: Bowmans capsule is made up of stratified squamous epithlium
fasle ; simple squamous epithelium
substances in the blood are filtered by — between the endothelial cells , the filtrate pass across the basement membrane and through the filtration slits between foot process called — and enters the —-.
Then the filtrate is transported into the — of the proximal convulted tubule
- capillaries pores
- pedicles
- capsular space
- lumen
THE THREE BASIC COMPONENTS OF RENAL FUNCTION
1- glomerlaur Filtration
2- tubular reabpstion
- tubular secretion
from the tubular lumen to the pertitubalr capillaries is
reabsorption
