cgier 29 Flashcards

1
Q

For a fixed mass of enclosed gas at constant temperature, the product of the pressure (P) and volume (V) remains constant.”

A
  • Boyles law
  • P . V = constant
  • p1v1 = p2v2
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2
Q

For a fixed mass of enclosed gas at constant pressure the ratio of Volume to Temperature is constant”

A

-Charles law
- V/T = constant ( directly proportional )
- V1/T1 = V2/ T2

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3
Q

Charles law sets an absolute lower limit on T at

A

-273 celicus aka the absolute zero

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4
Q

the ideal gas law is the

A

-combination of boyels and Charles law
- PV = NRT
r= 8.314 j mol k-1
r= universal gas constant
- P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
- temp must be in k

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5
Q

the consequence of ideal gas law is

A

-reduction if temp corrosponds to the reduction of pressure
- so changes in pressure can be made to cause changes in temp
-Refrigerators & Air to (Water) Heat Pumps work by slowly compressing (to avoid heating) a closed volume of refrigerant gas and then rapidly removing the pressure (decompressing) which cools the gas.

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6
Q

sudden compression leads to

A

heating of gas tempreture

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7
Q

what pressure is negligible in gasses

A

gauge pressure effect ( variation of height P= p.g.h). regardless the containers shape, all gas will have the same pressure

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8
Q

true or false: air is a mixture of gases and each component of gas ignores the existence of another

A

true

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9
Q

of a gas in a gas mixture is the pressure it would exert if it, alone, occupied the volume.

A

partial pressure

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10
Q

states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases = the sum of partial pressures exerted by the gases if they were present separately

A

daltons law

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11
Q

states that the concentration or solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the surface

A
  • Henry’s law
  • this explains why drinks are fizzy
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12
Q

what happens to the solubility when we increase the pressure

A

-solibulty increases , no bubbles formed
- direct relationship

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13
Q

what law is relevant to ultrasonic cavitation - which is used to vaporise tumour tissue w/ high intensity ultrasound

A

Henry’s law

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14
Q

Relates the tension in a membrane to the pressure difference on either side.

A

Laplace law
- p = 2T/R or pi -p o = 2T/R
- t: tension r: radius

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15
Q

what 2 laws that produce action in the respiration in the lungs and alveoli for spherical membrane

A

boyels and Laplace
- boyels law: volume and the pressure within the perual space is controlled by the action of diaphragm
- interpleaural pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure ( except under forced exhalation max= 3 mm hg)

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16
Q

during inspiration the diaphragm moves — and the intercostal muscles moves —

A

down , out
pleural volume increases and the pleaural pressure ( po in Laplace decreases )

17
Q

the drop of pleural pressure leads to

A
  • increase of radius
  • increase of tension in the alveolar wall
18
Q

during expiration, the diaphragm and interocostal – leading to – in volume and — in pressure

A

-relaxes , decrease , increase in pleaural pressure in Laplace
- alveolus constricts

19
Q

gases partially obey

A

posiillies law

20
Q

a small reduction in airway diameter leads to

A

extreme breathing difficulty as asthma and croup

21
Q

FOR GRAPHS

A

check slides 48,49,50