Cephalosporins

Question 1

Indications

Answer 1

1. Oral chephalosporins are second-line and third-line treatment options for urinary and respiratory tract infections
2. Intravenous cephalosporins and carbapenems are reserved for the treatment of infections that are severe or complicated, or caused by antibiotic resistant organisms. Very broad spectrum.

Question 2

Mechanism of action

Answer 2

Via a beta-lactam ring (see penicillin)

More resistant to beta-lactamases

Question 3

Adverse effects

Answer 3

GI upset

Abx-associated colitis

Allergy

Question 4

Warnings

Answer 4

Use with caution in people at risk of C.diff infection

Avoid in those with penicillin allergy.

Question 5

Interactions

Answer 5

Can enhance anticoagulant effect of warfarin by killing normal gut flora that produce vit k

May increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides.

Reduce plasma concentration and efficacy of valproate.

Question 6

Prescribing

Answer 6

Only certain cephalosporins are orally active - eg cefalexin

Usually prescribed for 6-12 hourly intervals

Question 7

Administration

Answer 7

PO, IM, IV

Question 8

Communication

Answer 8

Explain that the aim of treatment is to get rid of infection and improve symptoms.