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Pathology 2 > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

Medial temporal lobe compress against III and PCA
Hemorrhagic lesions in midbrain and pons
Contralateral cerebral peduncle compression causing ipsilateral hemiparesis

A

Duret hemorrhages
Kernohan’s notch
Transtentorial herniation

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1
Q

Cerebral hemisphere displaces cingulate gyrus under falx cerebri
ACA

A

Subfalcine cingulate herniation

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2
Q

Displacement of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum

Brainstem compression

A

Tonsillar herniation

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3
Q

Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis

Dilated fourth ventricle

A

Dandy Walker malformation

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4
Q

Downward extension of cerebellar vermis

A

Arnold Chiari

Chiari II

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5
Q

Low lying cerebellar tonsils

A

Chiari I

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6
Q

Multiple cavities traversed by a web of delicate glial strands

A

Multicystic encephalopathy

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7
Q

Suprarentorial chalky yellow plaques

Perventricular white matter infarct

A

Periventricular leukomalacia

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8
Q

Coup injuries

Contre coup injuries

A

Site of impact

Opposite

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9
Q

Depressed retracted yellowish brown patches involving crests of gyri

A

Plaque jaune

Old traumatic lesions

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10
Q

Middle meningeal artery
Lenticular shaped lesion
Lucid interval

A

Epidural hematoma

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11
Q

Bridging veins
Crescent shaped lesion
Delayed with fluctuations

A

Subdural hematoma
Acute subdural membranes
Chronic alcoholic repeat bleeding

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12
Q

Watershed infarcts
Selective vulnerabilities
Microvacuolation and eosinophilia
Uneven destruction of neocortex

A

Red neuron
Pseudolaminar necrosis
Global cerebral ischemia

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13
Q

Lakelike spaces at lenticular nuclei

A

Lacunar infarcts

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14
Q

Preferential involvement of large areas of the subcortical white matter with myelin and axon loss

A

Binswager syndrome

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15
Q

Charcot Bouchard microaneurysms in basal ganglia
MCC
2nd MCC

A

Hypertension
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

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16
Q

MC site of intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

Putamen

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17
Q

MC type of intracranial aneurysms

Sites

A

Saccular
ACA-A com
MCA-P com
MCA

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18
Q

Worst headache

Yellowish CSF

A

Intracranial aneurysm

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19
Q

Exudates within leptomeninges
Basal
Sagittal sinus

A

H influenzae

Pneumococcal

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20
Q

Fibrinous exudate at the basal forebrain

Well circumscribed intraparenchymal mass

A

TB meningioencephalitis

21
Q

Obliterative endarteritis

Plasma cell rich mass lesions

A

Heubner arteritis
Gummas

Meningovascular neurosyphilis

22
Q

Dementia paralytica

Granular ependymitis

A

Paretic neurosyphilis

23
Q

Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis of temporal lobes and orbital gyri

A

Herpes enceph

24
Q

Owl’s eye inclusions in paraventricular subependymal regions of the brain

A

CMV encephalitis

25
Q

Mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs and neuronophagia of the anterior horn motor neurons

A

Poliomyelitis

26
Q

Soap bubbles appearance

Obstructive hydrocephalus

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

27
Q

Brain abscess near the gray white junction

Ring enhancing lesions

A

Toxoplasmosis

28
Q

T cell destruction of myelin sheaths Nd oligodendrocytes
Multiphasic sclerotic plaques
Oligoclonal band in CSF

A

MS

29
Q

MC sx of MS

A

Optic neuritis

30
Q

Elongated glassy eosinophilic bodies consisting of paracrystalline arrays of beaded actin filaments

A

Hirano bodies

Alzheimer disease

31
Q

Asymmetric atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes

Wafer thin gyri

A

Pick disease

32
Q

Elongated inclusions with dense core and pale halo composed of A synuclein

A

Lewy bodies

Parkinson disease

33
Q

Atrophy of the caudate nucleus

A

Huntington

34
Q

Atrophic precentral gyrus
PAS positive cytoplasmic inclusions
Neurogenic atrophy of LMN causing symmetric hand weakness

A

Bunjna bodies

ALS

35
Q

SOD1 gene in chr 21

Copper zinc superoxide

A

ALS

36
Q

Wernicke

Korsakoff

A

Reversible mamillary bodies

Irreversible dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus

37
Q

Primary brain tumors in adults

A

Supratentorial
Glioblastoma
Meningioma
Ependymoma

38
Q

Primary brain tumors in children

A

Infratentorial
Cystic cerebellar astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Brainstem glioma

39
Q

Pseudopalisading pattern on tumor cells

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

40
Q

Loose microcystic pattern

Rosenthal fibers

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

41
Q

Round tumor cells with cytoplasmic halos

Perineural satellitosis

A

Oligodendroglioma

42
Q

Solid or papillary masses extending from the floor of the ventricle
Perivascular pseudorosettes

A

Ependymoma

SC

43
Q

Homer Wright rosettes
Desmoplasia with pale islands
Drop metastases in cauda equina

A

Medulloblastoma

44
Q

Parasagittal location

Psamomma bodies

A

Meningioma

45
Q

Most common brain mets

A

Lungs

46
Q

MC site of schwannoma

A

CPA

47
Q

Antoni A of Schwannoma

A

Verocay bodies

48
Q

Shredded carrot appearance

A

Plexiform NF

NF 1

49
Q

Shagreen patches

Ash leaf patches

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Pathology 2 (20 decks)

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