Cellular Respiration

Question 1

__________ is entry of air into lungs and gas exchange between alveoli and blood.

Answer 1

External Respiration

Question 2

________ is exchange of gas between blood and the cells + intracellular respiration processes.

Answer 2

Internal Respiration

Question 3

During ________, high energy H atoms removed from organic molecules (dehydrogenation)

Answer 3

Respiration

Question 4

———— = The presence of O2(glycolysis, pyruvate, krebs cycle, oxidative phospohrylation) water is the final product.

Answer 4

Aerobic Respiration

Question 5

___________ = Decomposition of glucose into pyruvate in cytosol.

Answer 5

Glycolysis

Question 6

Glycolysis: NET

Answer 6

2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate (+2 H20 + 2 H+)

Question 7

______ (enzyme) adds 2nd phosphate, makes fructose 1,6 biphosphate

Answer 7

PFK Enzyme

Question 8

___________ = occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Net :______
Catalyzed by _____ enzyme

Answer 8

Pyruvate Decarboxylation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
NET: 2 NADH + 2 CO2
Catalyzed by PDC enzyme

Question 9

_________: Acetyl CoA merges with oxaloacetate to form citrate.

_________ takes place in: ?

Answer 9

Krebs Cycle.

Krebs Cycle takes place in mitochondrial matrix.

Question 10

Krebs cycle produces ______, _______, ______, and _____ each turn.

What is the total amount with 2 cycles?

Answer 10

Krebs cycle produces: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2 are produced per turn.

Total amount: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 2 CO2.

Question 11

__________ takes place in the inner membrane/cristae (folds which increase SA for more _____ action).

Answer 11

ETC (electron transport chain)

Question 12

_________ __________ - process of ADP —> ATP from NADH and FADH2 via passing of electrons through various carrier proteins; energy doesn’t accompany the phosphate group but comes from the electrons in the ETC establishing an H+ gradient that supplies energy to ATP synthase.

Answer 12

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 13

Oxidative Phosphorylation

__________ is a soluble carrier dissolved in the membrane that can be fully reduced/ oxidized, it passes electrons.

Answer 13

Coenzyme Q (CoQ)/ Ubiquinone

Question 14

Oxidative Phosphorylation

________ is a protein carrier in the ETF, common in many living organisms,

Answer 14

Cytochrome C

Question 15

______________ in Mitochondria

Mechanism of ATP generation that occurs when energy is stored in the form of a proton concentration gradient.

ATP synthase uses the energy in this gradient to create ATP by letting the protons flow through this channel

Answer 15

Chemiosmosis

Question 16

ATP is an _______ nucleotide

Answer 16

RNA nucleotide

Question 17

Anaerobic Respiration (cytosol) includes _____ & ______.

Answer 17

glycolysis and fermentation.

Question 18

________ occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Answer 18

Alcohol Fermentation

Question 19

Pyruvate —-> acetaldehyde + CO2, then acetaldehyde ——> ethanol (and NADH —> NAD+)

-This occurs in _________!

Answer 19

Alcohol Fermentation

Question 20

________ occurs in human muscle cells.

Pyruvate —-> lactate (and NADH —-> NAD+)

Answer 20

Lactic Acid Fermentation.

Question 21

Lactic Acid Fermentation

_________ is transported to liver for conversion back to glucose once surplus ATP available

Answer 21

Lactate.

Question 22

_______ _______ can tolerate oxygen presence but don’t use it.

Answer 22

Facultative anaerobes

Question 23

____ _______ cannot live in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 23

Obligate Anaerobes.

Question 24

_____ stores glucose as glycogen, glucagon is the opposite effect and turns on glycogen dehydration.

_____ activates PFK enzyme, glucagon inhibits it.

Answer 24

Insulin.

Think about it like this: Insulin means “hey, we’ve got a lot of glucose around, so lets chew it up’ whereas glucagon says “uhoh, not enough glucose around, don’t chew it up —- we need it for the brain, other tissues can use other energy sources”

Question 25

______ are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides, most of which cant be converted to glucose or glycolytic intermediates.

Answer 25

Disaccharides.

Question 26

Which cells are capable of storing glycogen?

Answer 26

All cells are capable of producing and storing glycogen but only muscle cells and especially liver cell cells have large amounts.

Question 27

________ store more energy than cabohydrates per C, their carbons are in more reduced state.

Answer 27

Fats.

Question 28

_______ in adipose tissue are hormone sensitve.

Answer 28

Lipases

Question 29

Glycerol —–>_______, enters glycolysis

Answer 29

PGAL

Question 30

Fatty acids in blood combine with _____ which carries Acetyl CoA

Answer 30

ALBUMIN

Question 31

Unsaturated fatty acids produce 1 less _____ for each double bond.

Answer 31

FADH2

Question 32

_______ is the least desirable source of energy. Only happens when _____ and ____ are unavailable.

Answer 32

Protein.

Only happens when fat and carbs are unavailable.