Cellular Respiration Flashcards
__________ is entry of air into lungs and gas exchange between alveoli and blood.
External Respiration
________ is exchange of gas between blood and the cells + intracellular respiration processes.
Internal Respiration
During ________, high energy H atoms removed from organic molecules (dehydrogenation)
Respiration
———— = The presence of O2(glycolysis, pyruvate, krebs cycle, oxidative phospohrylation) water is the final product.
Aerobic Respiration
___________ = Decomposition of glucose into pyruvate in cytosol.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis: NET
2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate (+2 H20 + 2 H+)
______ (enzyme) adds 2nd phosphate, makes fructose 1,6 biphosphate
PFK Enzyme
___________ = occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Net :______
Catalyzed by _____ enzyme
Pyruvate Decarboxylation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
NET: 2 NADH + 2 CO2
Catalyzed by PDC enzyme
_________: Acetyl CoA merges with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
_________ takes place in: ?
Krebs Cycle.
Krebs Cycle takes place in mitochondrial matrix.
Krebs cycle produces ______, _______, ______, and _____ each turn.
What is the total amount with 2 cycles?
Krebs cycle produces: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2 are produced per turn.
Total amount: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 2 CO2.
__________ takes place in the inner membrane/cristae (folds which increase SA for more _____ action).
ETC (electron transport chain)
_________ __________ - process of ADP —> ATP from NADH and FADH2 via passing of electrons through various carrier proteins; energy doesn’t accompany the phosphate group but comes from the electrons in the ETC establishing an H+ gradient that supplies energy to ATP synthase.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
__________ is a soluble carrier dissolved in the membrane that can be fully reduced/ oxidized, it passes electrons.
Coenzyme Q (CoQ)/ Ubiquinone
Oxidative Phosphorylation
________ is a protein carrier in the ETF, common in many living organisms,
Cytochrome C
______________ in Mitochondria
Mechanism of ATP generation that occurs when energy is stored in the form of a proton concentration gradient.
ATP synthase uses the energy in this gradient to create ATP by letting the protons flow through this channel
Chemiosmosis
ATP is an _______ nucleotide
RNA nucleotide
Anaerobic Respiration (cytosol) includes _____ & ______.
glycolysis and fermentation.
________ occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Alcohol Fermentation
Pyruvate —-> acetaldehyde + CO2, then acetaldehyde ——> ethanol (and NADH —> NAD+)
-This occurs in _________!
Alcohol Fermentation
________ occurs in human muscle cells.
Pyruvate —-> lactate (and NADH —-> NAD+)
Lactic Acid Fermentation.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
_________ is transported to liver for conversion back to glucose once surplus ATP available
Lactate.
_______ _______ can tolerate oxygen presence but don’t use it.
Facultative anaerobes
____ _______ cannot live in the presence of oxygen.
Obligate Anaerobes.
_____ stores glucose as glycogen, glucagon is the opposite effect and turns on glycogen dehydration.
_____ activates PFK enzyme, glucagon inhibits it.
Insulin.
Think about it like this: Insulin means “hey, we’ve got a lot of glucose around, so lets chew it up’ whereas glucagon says “uhoh, not enough glucose around, don’t chew it up —- we need it for the brain, other tissues can use other energy sources”
