Anatomy- Nervous system and Nervous tissue

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 1

Nervous System that extends outside the CNS.

Question 2

PNS-Sensory(afferent) division:

Answer 2

Nerves that convey(give) impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors

Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response

Question 3

PNS-Sensory Neurons

Answer 3

Link body parts to CNS

Question 4

PNS-Somatic Afferent Fibers:

Answer 4

Give impulses to the skin,skeletal muscles & joints.

Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response

Question 5

PNS-Visceral afferent fibers:

Answer 5

Give impulses from visceral organs( organs and ventral body cavity)

Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response

Question 6

Motor(efferent) division:

Answer 6

Transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs( muscles and glands)

Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.

Question 7

Motor(efferent) division:

-Motor neurons:

Answer 7

Activate muscle contraction and glandular secretion

Question 8

Motor(efferent) division:

-Somatic Nervous System(voluntary nervous system):

Answer 8

Neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.

Question 9

Motor(efferent) division:

-Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) aka involuntary nervous system

Answer 9

Visceral motor neurons that regulate activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.

Question 10

One division of ANS: Sympathetic

Answer 10

“Fight or Flight” - accelerates circulatory, respiratory system

Question 11

One division of the ANS: Parasympathetic

Answer 11

“Rest and digest”

Question 12

Neuroglia of CNS: Astrocytes

Answer 12

Star-shaped, most abundant & versatile cells

• anchors neurons to capillaries and aid
• control the chemical environment - clean up potassium ions and neurotransmitters

Question 13

Neuroglia of CNS: Microglia

Answer 13

Small oval cells with long “thorny” processes

-Can transform into phagocytic cells and engul/break down bacteria and cell debris

Question 14

Ependymal Cells:

Answer 14

Are ciliated. Line central cavities of brain/spinal cord.

Question 15

Neuroglia of CNS: Oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

Produce myelin

Question 16

White Matter

Answer 16

Myelinated fiber tracts of CNS.

Question 17

Gray Matter

Answer 17

Unmyelinated fibers in CNS

Question 18

Action Potential

Saluatory conduction: Myelin sheath

Answer 18

Insulates against leakage and charge

Much FASTER than in Unmyelinated axons.

Question 19

Synapse:

Answer 19

Junction that mediates transfer of information from neuron to neuron or effector(muscle gland)

Question 20

Synapse: Presynaptic neuron

Answer 20

Conducts impulses toward synapse

Question 21

Synapse: Postsynaptic Neuron

Answer 21

Transmits signals away from the synapse

Question 22

Neurotransmitters: acetyl choline(ACh)

Answer 22

Released to neuromuscular junctions(excitatory for skeletal muscle; inhibitory for cardiac muscle)

**Excitatory neurotransmitters are not necessarily exciting – they are what stimulate the brain. Those that calm the brain and help create balance are called inhibitory. Inhibitory neurotransmitters balance mood and are easily depleted when the excitatory neurotransmitters are overactive.

Question 23

Neurotransmitters: bio genetic amines:

Answer 23

Catecholamines(dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and indolamines(histamine and serotonin)

Question 24

Neurotransmitters: Amino Acids

Answer 24

GABA, glycine, asparate, and glutamate.

Question 25

Neurotransmitters: peptides

Answer 25

Substance P, endorphins, and enkephalins

Question 26

Central Nervous System(CNS)

Answer 26

Brain and spinal cord