Anatomy- The Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypodermis:

What is it composed of?

Functions?

A

Subcutaneous layer just deep to the dermis

  • mostly adipose with some Areolar connective tissue
  • insulates, absorbs, shocks, & anchors skin loosely to muscles.
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2
Q

Epidermis

What type of tissue?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Epidermis 4 distinct cell types:

Name and describe

A

1.Keratinocytes: produce the fibrous protein KERATIN
—tightly connected by desmosomes, waterproofs the
skin.

  1. Melanocytes: spider-shaped cells that produce the pigment MELANIN
  2. Langerhans’ cells(epidermal dendritic cells): macrophages; part of immune system.
  3. Merkel Cells: a sensory receptor for touch.
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4
Q

Layers of Epidermis: Thick Skin

A

Has 5 layers(strata), sole of the foot
From least to greatest:
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum & stratum corneum.

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5
Q

Layers of Epidermis: Thin Skin

A

Has only 4 layers….missing stratum lucidum, stratum corneum thinner

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6
Q

Stratum Basale

What does it produce?

A

Basal layer, deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to dermis.

  • single layer of cells; cell division produces new keratinocytes for all layers
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7
Q

Dermis

What is it composed of?
What does it contain?

A

Strong connective tissue

-fibroblasts, , macrophages, mast cells & white blood cells with collagen, elastin & reticular layers.

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8
Q

Dermis- papillary layer

-What is it composed of?

A

Upper layer composed of Areolar connective tissue

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9
Q

Dermis- reticular layer

-What is it composed of?

A

Lower layer(most thickness of the dermis)

Composed of dense irregular tissue.

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10
Q

Skin Color ( name 3 pigments)

A
  1. Melanin- Gives color to skin, hair, eyes. Protects cell nucleus from UV light
  2. Carotene- yellow-orange pigment. Most evident in thick skin.
  3. Hemoglobin- oxygenated hemoglobin in dermal capillaries gives fair skin a pinkish color.
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11
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine.

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12
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Far more numerous- most abundant on palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead

Secretes sweat: 99% water with salts, vitamin C

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13
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Ducts empty into hair follicles

Made of sweat, lipid and proteins.

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14
Q

Ceremonious Glands

A

Modified apocrine glands in the external ear canal

-Ear wax

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15
Q

Sebaceous(oil)glands

A

Secret sebum(rich in oils) into hair follicle(or pore), lubricates hair and skin.

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16
Q

Hair(pili)

A

Made of dead keratinized cells.

Melanin produces color in the hair.

17
Q

Hair- alopecia

A

Hair loss brought by aging and hormones.

18
Q

The skin is composed of 2 regions:

Name and describe them

A

Epidermis: outermost layer composed of epithelial cells

Dermis: underlying layer composed of fibrous connective tissue