Cells in Animals and Plants

Question 1

Define magnification

Answer 1

How much larger an image is compared to the real object

Question 2

Define resolution

Answer 2

The degree at which two objects can be seen as two separate objects rather than one

Question 3

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 3

Magnification = Image/Actual

Question 4

How do you convert micrometers into millimeters?

Answer 4

Divide by 1000

Question 5

How do you convert millimeters into micrometers?

Answer 5

Multiply by 1000

Question 6

Name two types of microscope

Answer 6

Light and electron

Question 7

Which type of microscope has a higher resolution?

Answer 7

Electron

Question 8

Which type of microscope has a higher magnification?

Answer 8

Electron

Question 9

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 9

A cell containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 10

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

A cell which does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Question 11

Give an example of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 11

Plant, animal, yeast

Question 12

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

State the function of the nucleus

Answer 13

Controls the cell, contains DNA

Question 14

State the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 14

Water-based, where most chemical reactions occur

Question 15

State the function of the cell membrane

Answer 15

Controls which substances enter and leave the cell

Question 16

State the function of the mitochondria

Answer 16

Carry out respiration to release energy

Question 17

State the function of the chloroplast

Answer 17

Absorb sunlight to carry out photosynthesis

Question 18

State the function of the cell wall

Answer 18

Provides strength and support to the cell

Question 19

State the function of the ribosomes

Answer 19

Protein synthesis

Question 20

State the function of the vacuole

Answer 20

Stores cell sap - a mixture of sugar and salt

Question 21

Give three examples of specialised animal cells

Answer 21

Sperm, muscle, and nerve cells

Question 22

Give three examples of specialised plant cells

Answer 22

Root hair cell, palisade cell, xylem, and phloem

Question 23

How is a sperm cell adapted to swim to the egg?

Answer 23

Tail for movement

Question 24

How is a nerve cell adapted to carry messages?

Answer 24

Long

Question 25

How is a muscle cell adapted to contract and relax?

Answer 25

Cells can get shorter or longer

Question 26

How is a root hair cell adapted to absorb water?

Answer 26

Root hair gives a large surface area

Question 27

How is a palisade cell adapted to carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 27

Contains many chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll

Question 28

How are xylem and phloem adapted to transport substances around the plant?

Answer 28

Form long, hollow tubes

Question 29

Define diffusion

Answer 29

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 30

Explain why temperature affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 30

Higher temp. means that particles have more kinetic energy and move faster.

Question 31

State how concentration gradient affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 31

Greater concentration gradient speeds up diffusion

Question 32

State how surface area affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 32

Larger surface area speeds up diffusion

Question 33

Define osmosis

Answer 33

The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 34

What is a partially permeable membrane?

Answer 34

A membrane which only allows certain substances to pass through (usually small molecules such as water)

Question 35

What happens to a plant cell if placed in pure water? (hypotonic solution)

Answer 35

Water moves in to the cell by osmosis and the cell becomes turgid (normal for a plant cell)

Question 36

What happens to an animal cell if placed in pure water? (hypotonic solution)

Answer 36

Water moves in to the cell by osmosis and the cell bursts

Question 37

What happens to a plant cell if placed in a concentrated salt solution? (hypertonic solution)

Answer 37

Water moves out of the cell by osmosis and the cell becomes plasmolysed

Question 38

What happens to an animal cell if placed in a concentrated salt solution? (hypertonic solution)

Answer 38

Water moves out of the cell by osmosis and the cell shrivels

Question 39

What happens to a plant cell if placed in a dilute salt solution? (isotonic solution)

Answer 39

There is no net movement of water so the cell is flaccid

Question 40

What happens to an animal cell if placed in a dilute salt solution? (isotonic solution)

Answer 40

There is no net movement of water so the cell is normal

Question 41

Define active transport

Answer 41

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (against a concentration gradient) which requires energy

Question 42

What are carrier proteins?

Answer 42

Proteins in the cell membrane which carry substances from one side of the cell to the other using energy to change shape.

Question 43

Give an example of where active transport occurs in plants

Answer 43

In the roots, minerals are absorbed by active transport

Question 44

Give an example of where active transport occurs in animals

Answer 44

In the small intestine, glucose is absorbed by active transport

Question 45

State the two types of cell division, spelled correctly!

Answer 45

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 46

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 46

Growth and repair

Question 47

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 47

Production of gametes/sex cells

Question 48

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 48

A cell with half the normal number of chromosomes

Question 49

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 49

A cell with the normal number of chromosomes

Question 50

How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis?

Answer 50

2

Question 51

How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

Answer 51

4

Question 52

Which type of cell division produces genetically identical daughter cells?

Answer 52

Mitosis

Question 53

Which type of cell division produces genetically different daughter cells?

Answer 53

Meiosis