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11E > 4.7.1 Forces and Motion > Flashcards

4.7.1 Forces and Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is Displacement?

A

The straight line distance between a start and end point

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2
Q

What type of quantity is distance?

A

Scalar

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3
Q

Define a vector quantity.

A

A quantity with magnitude and direction.

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4
Q

How do you calculate speed?

A

Speed = Distance/Time

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5
Q

What does a straight diagonal line show on a DT graph?

A

Constant Speed

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6
Q

What does the area under a VT graph show?

A

Distance Travelled

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7
Q

What is typical walking speed?

A

1.5 m/s

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8
Q

What is typical running speed?

A

3 m/s

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9
Q

What is typical cycling speed?

A

6 m/s

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10
Q

How would you describe the velocity of an object in circular motion?

A

Velocity of an object in circular motion is constantly changing

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11
Q

What three things does the size of centripetal force depend on?

A

Speed, Mass, Radius of Circle

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12
Q

What are the units of acceleration?

A

m/s^2

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13
Q

What does a straight diagonal line show on a VT graph?

A

Constant acceleration

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14
Q

What is Newton’s First Law?

A

If the resultant force on an object is zero, it will continue to move in the same direction at the same velocity

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15
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law?

A

Acceleration is proportional to the resultant force acting on an object, and is inversely proportional to mass.

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16
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

A

Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force

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17
Q

What is the equation for Kinetic Energy?

A

KE = 0.5 x mass x velocity^2

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18
Q

What is Inertia?

A

The tendency of object to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion

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19
Q

What is the equation for Momentum?

A

Momentum(p) = mass(m) x velocity(v)

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20
Q

What is the law of Conservation of Momentum?

A

In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event

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21
Q

How is Stopping Distance calculated?

A

Braking distance + Thinking Distance

22
Q

What factors can affect thinking distance?

A

Tiredness, Drugs, Alcohol, Distractions

23
Q

What factors can affect Braking distance?

A

Wet or Icy weather, poor road conditions, poor car conditions

24
Q

How is the relationship between velocity and stopping distance?

A

As velocity increases so does braking distance

25
Q

What energy transfer occurs when a car brakes?

A

Kinetic energy -> Thermal Energy

26
Q

What does the gradient of a DT graph show?

A

Speed

27
Q

How is the gradient of a curved line of best fit calculated at a specific point?

A

A tangent is drawn and the gradient is calculated

28
Q

How does Centripetal force act on an object?

A

Centripetal force acts inwards

29
Q

What is air resistance?

A

A force of friction produced when an object moves through the air

30
Q

How is change in velocity calculated?

A

Change in Velocity = Final Velocity - Starting Velocity

31
Q

State the equation linking Change in velocity, acceleration and distance.

A

Change in Velocity^2 = 2 x Acceleration x Distance

32
Q

What does a negative change in velocity show?

A

Deceleration

33
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The maximum speed of an object travelling

34
Q

Describe the forces acting on an object at terminal velocity.

A

The forces are balanced

35
Q

Identify the main energy transfer of an object as it falls.

A

Gravitational potential energy -> Kinetic Energy

36
Q

How does a parachute decrease terminal velocity?

A

The parachute increases air resistance, causing deceleration. When the forces become balanced, the terminal velocity is lower

37
Q

Identify the Gravitational Field Strength of Earth.

A

9.8 N/kg

38
Q

What force prevents an apple from falling to the ground?

A

Tension of the stalk

39
Q

According to Newton’s 1st, what is needed to make an object accelerate?

A

An overall resultant force applied to the object

40
Q

Identify the equation linking Force, mass and acceleration.

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

41
Q

How can acceleration be measured more accurately?

A

Using a light gate to reduce random error from human measurement

42
Q

If a ball impacts a solid desk with 10N of force, how much force is exerted on the ball?

A

10N (Newton’s 3rd Law)

43
Q

Identify the range of average human reaction time.

A

0.3 - 0.9s

44
Q

What two forces are acting on a falling object?

A

Weight/Gravity, Air resistance

45
Q

In what direction does centripetal force act?

A

Inwards

46
Q

True or false: Centripetal force can only be supplied by a contact force.

A

False: This can be a contact or Non-contact force i.e Gravity

47
Q

How would a stationary object look on a DT graph?

A

Flat line

48
Q

What does a flat line show on a VT graph?

A

Constant speed

49
Q

How are acceleration and mass related?

A

Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass

50
Q

What are the units of kinetic energy?

A

Joules (J)

11E (24 decks)

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