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11E > Carbon Chemistry > Flashcards

Carbon Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Allotrope

A

Different forms of the same element

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2
Q

Alkane

A

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds and the formula: CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Alkene

A

A hydrocarbon with double bonds and the formula: CnH2n

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4
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance which speeds up a reaction, without being used up

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5
Q

Covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms

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6
Q

Cracking

A

Breaking down long hydrocarbons into short hydrocarbons

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7
Q

Crude oil

A

Fossil fuel containing a mixture of hydrocarbons

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8
Q

Delocalised electron

A

An electron which is not held in an energy level or shell

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9
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

A technique which separates substance based on boiling point

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10
Q

Fullerene

A

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

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11
Q

Giant covalent structure

A

A structure containing lots of covalent bonds

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12
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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13
Q

Monomer

A

The small repeating unit of a polymer

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14
Q

Nanotube

A

A layer of graphene, rolled into a tube

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15
Q

Polymer

A

A large molecule made of many smaller repeating units

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16
Q

Thermal decomposition

A

The breaking down of a substance using heat

17
Q

Viscosity

A

How thick and sticky a liquid is

18
Q

Give a use of nanotubes

A

Drug delivery/lubricants/catalyst

19
Q

How many bonds to carbon atoms form in diamond?

A

4

20
Q

How many bonds to carbon atoms form in graphite?

A

3

21
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

A

It has delocalised electrons

22
Q

Which bonds are in diamond and graphite?

A

Covalent

23
Q

What was the first fullerene discovered?

A

Buckminsterfullerene

24
Q

Why is graphite slippery?

A

The layers can slide over each other

25
Q

What is crude oil made from?

A

The biomass, mainly plankton, which was buried millions of years ago in mud and compressed

26
Q

What are the first four alkanes?

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

27
Q

What is the temperature gradient in the fractionating column?

A

Hot at the bottom and cold at the top

28
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

Combustion in a plentiful supply of oxygen

29
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Combustion in a limited supply of oxygen

30
Q

What happens to the boiling point of the fractions as you go up the tower?

A

It decreases

31
Q

What happens to the viscosity of the fractions as you go up the tower?

A

It decreases

32
Q

What happens to the volatility of the fractions as you go up the tower?

A

Increases

33
Q

What is a thermosetting polymer?

A

A plastic that cannot be melted and remoulded

34
Q

What is a thermosoftening polymer?

A

A plastic that can be melted and remoulded

11E (24 decks)

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