Cells and Mrs. Gren Flashcards
What are the seven characteristics of living organisms?
Movement, reproduction, sensitivity, growth, respiration, excretion and nutrition.
What is movement?
A change in place or position of an organism.
What is reproduction?
The ability to produce more of the same species of organism.
What is respiration?
The process of breaking down glucose and food nutrients which gives organisms energy.
What is sensitivity?
The ability to react to and detect changes in the surroundings.
What is growth?
The permanent increase in size and number of cells in an organism.
What is excretion?
The removal of toxic and unnecessary waste from the body.
What is nutrition?
The taking in of food (organic molecules) into the body.
What features of cells cannot be seen under a light microscope, only under electron microscopes?
Ribosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the function of the ribosome?
Creates protein molecules in the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
To carry out aerobic respiration in the cell and provide energy for it.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They make photosynthesis possible and have a pigment (clorophyll) which is responsible for turning plants green.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
It controls the movement in and out of cells, since it is only semi-permeable.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is where all other organelles are placed in and it is where many chemical reactions take place.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It controls everything the cell does and it contains DNA (genetic material).
What are three features that a plant cell contains that an animal cell does not?
- chloroplasts- large central vacuole- cell wall
What is the function of a cell wall?
It provides support for the cell and keeps it from bursting when placed in a hypotonic solution.
What is the function of a vacuole?
It stores substances and helps the cell to maintain its structure.
What is the function of a ciliated cell, and what does it have to help it support its function?
Its function is to sweep mucus from the trachea and bronchus away, and in order to help it do so it has tiny cilia, tiny projecting structures.
What is the function of a nerve cell, and what does it have to help it support its function?
A nerve cell sends electrical impulses throughout the body and they contain extensions/branches to help them communicate between each other.
What is the function of a red blood cell, and what does it have to help it support its function?
It is used to carry oxygen throughout the body and its large surface area (disc) with no nucleus allows it to hold more oxygen.
What is the function of a palisade mesophyll cell, and what does it have to help it support its function?
Its function is to carry out photosynthesis in leaves and it has many chloroplasts to help it do so.
What is the function of a root hair cell, and what does it have to help it support its function?
It absorbs mineral ions and water from the soil and it has an extension that increases surface area for it to absorb these nutrients.
