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IGCSE Biology > 6. Plant nutrition > Flashcards

6. Plant nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 5 different forms which carbohydrates made in photosynthesis are stored?

A

starch, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, nectar

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2
Q

What is the use of starch?

A

stores energy

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3
Q

What is the use of cellulose?

A

builds cell walls

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4
Q

What is the use of glucose?

A

for respiration (provides energy)

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5
Q

What is the use of sucrose?

A

to be transported in phloem vessels

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6
Q

What is the use of nectar?

A

it attracts insects for pollination

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7
Q

Why are nitrate ions important for plants?

A

produce amino acids

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8
Q

Why are magnesium ions important for plants?

A

make chlorophyll

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9
Q

What is the effect of concentration of Co2 on photosynthesis?

A

when level increases, so does rate of photosynthesis since co2 is necessary to carry out photosynthesis. however, there will reach a point in which it will make no difference anymore because there is another limiting factor, possibly the number of chloroplasts in the leaf, light intensity, temperature…

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10
Q

What is the effect of light on photosynthesis?

A

when level increases, so does rate of photosynthesis since light is necessary to carry out photosynthesis. however, there will reach a point in which it will make no difference anymore because there is another limiting factor, possibly the number of chloroplasts in the leaf, CO2 concentration, temperature…

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11
Q

What is the effect of temperature on photosynthesis?

A

when level increases, so does rate of photosynthesis since molecules have more energy at higher temperatures. however, there will reach a point, after optimum temperature, in which enzymes will denature and not function anymore, reducing rate of photosynthesis.

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12
Q

Define ‘photosynthesis’.

A

process which plants use energy from light to synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials

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13
Q

State the word equation for photosynthesis.

A

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

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14
Q

What other two things does photosynthesis need to occur?

A

light and chlorophyll

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15
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

green pigment in chloroplasts

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16
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

A

converts light energy into chemical energy, for the synthesis of carbohydrates to occur

17
Q

State the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis.

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

18
Q

What are two adaptations of leaves that help them in their functions?

A

large surface area
thin

19
Q

Name two reasons why leaves are thin.

A
  • CO2 from the air can quickly diffuse to cells which perform photosynthesis
  • sunlight can penetrate more easily
20
Q

Name a reason why leaves have large surface areas.

A
  • large area exposed to sunlight/air (can absorb more easily)
21
Q

How is the cuticle adapted for its function?

A

waxy layer

22
Q

you are doing

A

great (bjs - annuca)

23
Q

How are the upper/lower epidermis adapted for their function (except for guard cells)?

A

very thin layer, no chloroplasts, allows light to penetrate

24
Q

How is the palisade mesophyll layer adapted for its function?

A
  • many chloroplasts
  • chloroplasts at edge of the cell for a large vacuole allowing more light to enter
25
Q

How is the xylem adapted for its function?

A

made of dead cells: tubes are hollow and waterproof, allowing water to pass

26
Q

How is the phloem adapted for its function?

A

sieve tubes for the transportation of sucrose
companion cells so that energy for transport is provided

27
Q

How is a guard cell adapted for its function?

A

gain and lose water, causing them to change shape and open and close the stoma

28
Q

How is the spongy mesophyll adapted for its function?

A

air spaces between cells, making diffusion of gases throughout the leaf possible

29
Q

What is the function of the cuticle?

A

prevents water loss by evaporation from leaf

30
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

photosynthesis occurs here

31
Q

What is the function of the upper epidermis?

A

protects inner cells

31
Q

What are the functions of the upper/lower epidermis?

A

protects inner cells

32
Q

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll layer?

A

photosynthesis occurs here

33
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

transports water + mineral ions from roots to leaves

34
Q

What is the function of the phloem?

A

transports sucrose away from leaf

35
Q

What is the function of the guard cell?

A

in pairs, to control the size of a stoma’s opening

36
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

it controls the diffusion of gases in and out of the leaf

37
Q

What is the function of the air spaces?

A

leave space for diffusion of gases throughout leaf

IGCSE Biology (28 decks)

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