5. Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the optimum pH for an enzyme?

A

The pH at which the enzyme works the best.

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2
Q

What is denaturation of an enzyme?

A

A permanent alteration in the enzyme’s active site.

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3
Q

What are factors that can lead to denaturation of an enzyme?

A

pH and temperature.

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4
Q

What is the function of the enzyme amylase?

A

It breaks down starches into sugars (like glucose).

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5
Q

What is the function of the enzyme lipase?

A

It breaks down fat in the stomach.

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6
Q

What is the function of the enzyme maltase?

A

It breaks down maltose (sugar) into glucose.

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7
Q

What is the function of the enzyme trypsin?

A

It breaks down proteins into amino acids.

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8
Q

What is the function of the enzyme lactase?

A

It breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

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9
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is unchanged by the reaction

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10
Q

What are enzymes?

A

proteins involved in all metabolic reactions, functioning as biological catalysts

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11
Q

Why are enzymes important?

A

provide reaction rate necessary to sustain life

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12
Q

What are some uses of enzymes? (do not need to name all)

A
  • food production
  • agriculture
  • cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries
  • production of biofuels.
  • production of cheese, bread, leather, fruit juice and lactose-free milk
  • production of certain textiles
  • medical diagnostic testing
  • digestion, breaking down substances in food
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13
Q

Describe enzyme action.

A
  • each type of enzyme has a specific shape that fits the reactants in the reaction
  • shape of active site and substrate are complementary
  • substrate fits into active site and reaction happens
  • product(s) leave the active site.
  • enzyme is ready to act again
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14
Q

Investigate and describe the effect of changes in temperature on enzyme activity.

A
  • low temp: KE of molecules too low for effective collisions to occur, breakdown rate low
  • as temp increases, so does KE of the molecules, causing more effective collisions
  • temp exceeds optimum temperature of the enzyme, active site shape changes (no longer fits) enzyme begins to denature, slowing the reaction
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15
Q

Investigate and describe the effect of changes in pH on enzyme activity.

A
  • optimum pH at which the shape of the active site allows the enzyme to work most efficiently
  • above and below optimum pH, enzyme undergoes denaturation
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16
Q

What is an enzyme-substrate complex?

A

structure formed when a substrate attaches to the active site of an enzyme

17
Q

structure formed when a substrate attaches to the active site of an enzyme

A

enzyme-substrate complex

18
Q

What is the active site?

A

region of an enzyme where catalysis happens and fits with substrate

19
Q

What is the substrate?

A

reactant in an enzyme-catalysed reaction

20
Q

Explain enzyme action in more detail.

A
  • enzyme’s active site and substrate fit together to make an enzyme–substrate complex
  • reaction happens
  • products are produced and detach from enzyme, making it available to catalyse another reaction
20
Q

Explain the specificity of enzymes.

A
  • each type of enzyme only works for one/very few reactions
  • active site has a specific shape that only the correct substrate (or a very similarly shaped molecule) can fit into (complementary)
21
Q

It breaks down starches into sugars (like glucose).

A

amylase

22
Q

It breaks down fat in the stomach.

A

lipase

23
Q

It breaks down maltose (sugar) into glucose.

A

maltase

24
Q

It breaks down proteins into amino acids.

A

trypsin

25
Q

It breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

A

lactase