Cells Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
The proper name for the cell-surface membrane
Phospholipid
A molecule consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Roles of proteins in plasma membranes
Transport across membranes, identifying cells as belonging to you, receptors
Saturated fatty acids
Fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated fatty acids
A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms
Eukaryotic cell
Cell with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Organelle
A structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Nucleus
Contains DNA and acts as control center of the cell
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
DNA codes for…
Making proteins
Process by which DNA can be copied so new cells have new DNA
DNA replication
Chromosomes are made of…
Linear DNA wrapped around package proteins called histones
Proteins used to package DNA
Histones
DNA + histones makes a material called…
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes
Structures that let molecules in and out of nucleus
Nuclear pores
Nucleoplasm
Jelly-like fluid in nucleus
Ribosomes
Make proteins
Some ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm, whereas some are…
Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Transports proteins made by the ribosomes on its surface
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises and transports lipids
Golgi apparatus packages proteins into Golgi vesicles…
So enzymes and other proteins can be secreted from the cell.
The Golgi apparatus combines protein with carbohydrate to make…
Glycoproteins
Mitochondria
Make ATP by aerobic respiration
Cristae
Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase the surface area for respiration
Matrix
The fluid inside a mitochondrion
Unusual feature of ribosomes
An organelle not bound by a membrane
The head of a phospholipid is…
Hydrophillic
The tails or a phospholipid are…
Hydrophobic
Vesicles _____ with the plasma membrane to allow the secretion of proteins
Fuse
The general term for adding carbohydrate to a protein
Glycosylation
