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Medical Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

The proper name for the cell-surface membrane

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2
Q

Phospholipid

A

A molecule consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group

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3
Q

Roles of proteins in plasma membranes

A

Transport across membranes, identifying cells as belonging to you, receptors

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4
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms

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5
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms

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6
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Cell with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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7
Q

Organelle

A

A structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA and acts as control center of the cell

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9
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell

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10
Q

DNA codes for…

A

Making proteins

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11
Q

Process by which DNA can be copied so new cells have new DNA

A

DNA replication

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12
Q

Chromosomes are made of…

A

Linear DNA wrapped around package proteins called histones

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13
Q

Proteins used to package DNA

A

Histones

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14
Q

DNA + histones makes a material called…

A

Chromatin

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15
Q

Nucleolus

A

Structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

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16
Q

Structures that let molecules in and out of nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

17
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Jelly-like fluid in nucleus

18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins

19
Q

Some ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm, whereas some are…

A

Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transports proteins made by the ribosomes on its surface

21
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesises and transports lipids

22
Q

Golgi apparatus packages proteins into Golgi vesicles…

A

So enzymes and other proteins can be secreted from the cell.

23
Q

The Golgi apparatus combines protein with carbohydrate to make…

A

Glycoproteins

24
Q

Mitochondria

A

Make ATP by aerobic respiration

25
Q

Cristae

A

Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase the surface area for respiration

26
Q

Matrix

A

The fluid inside a mitochondrion

27
Q

Unusual feature of ribosomes

A

An organelle not bound by a membrane

28
Q

The head of a phospholipid is…

A

Hydrophillic

29
Q

The tails or a phospholipid are…

A

Hydrophobic

30
Q

Vesicles _____ with the plasma membrane to allow the secretion of proteins

A

Fuse

31
Q

The general term for adding carbohydrate to a protein

A

Glycosylation

Medical Science (20 decks)

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