cell theory

Question 1

3 statements of basis of cell theory

Answer 1

cells smallest unit of life
all living things made from cells
all cells arise from pre existing cells

Question 2

what are atypical cells and give examples and reasoning

Answer 2

cells which are exeptions to cell theory
1. cells with no nuclues
eg. phloem sieve tube elements- to allow passage of phloem sap
eg. red blood cells- has more space for haemoglobin so more oxygen

2. multinucleated
   eg.skeletal muscle cells- formed via fusion of multiple cells
   eg. aseptate fungal hyphae.- not composed of ditinct cells

Question 3

explain skeletal muscle cells

Answer 3

formed via fusion of multiple cells
really long as function is contraction must have many nucleuses for production of actin and myosin (proteins which make proteins)

Question 4

explain aseptate fungal hyphae

Answer 4

not composed of distinct cells instead of roots have hyphae which move when sense resources to do this must have many nuclei to branch into differnet directions

Question 5

MR MH GREN stand for

Answer 5

movement
reproduction
metabolism
homeostasis
growth
response to stimuli
excretion
nutrition

Question 6

movement

Answer 6

change in position

Question 7

reproduction

Answer 7

livign things produce fertile offspring either sexually or assexually

Question 8

metabolism

Answer 8

web of all the enzyme catalysed reactions in a cell or organism e.g respiration

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

maintainece of regulation of internal cell conditions

Question 10

growth

Answer 10

living things can grown or change shape

Question 11

response to stimuli

Answer 11

living things can respond to and interact with the enviornment

Question 12

exrection

Answer 12

the removal of metabolic waste produced by the metabolism

Question 13

nutrition

Answer 13

feeding by either the synthesis of organic molecules (e.g photosynhteisis) or the absorption of organic matter

Question 14

parts in an optical microscope

Answer 14

eyepiece objective
nose piece
objective lenses
stage
condenser/ diaphragm
LED light source
base
fine focusing dial
coarse focusing dial
microscope stans

Question 15

eyepiece graticule

Answer 15

scale found in optical lens
has arbitary units (no units) even if magnification increase size of eyepice graticule does not change

Question 16

stage micromenter

Answer 16

slide with a ruler

Question 17

how light microscope works and what it allows us to see

Answer 17

uses light to form an image
allows observation of whole cell large organelles (e.g nucleus chloroplasts) and some bacteria
can resolve objects as close as 0.2 micrometers apart

Question 18

how transmission electron microscope works and what it allows us to see

Answer 18

uses beam of electrons that pass through a very thin specimen
can resolve objects as close as 0.2 nm apart
provides detailed images of internal cell structures such as ribosomes, membranes and mitchondria
produces black and white mage recquiring computer processing for enhancments

Question 19

how scanning electron microscope works and what it allows us to see

Answer 19

uses beam of electrons that scane accross the surface of the specimen
produces a 3D image of the specimens external structure
produces black and white image recquiring computer processing enhancment