B4.1 Adaptation to enviornment

Question 1

habitat

Answer 1

place in which a community, species, population or organism lives, can be in turn to its geographical or physical location within its ecosystem

Question 2

adaptations of organisms…

Answer 2

adapt based on abiotic environment of their habitat, they adapt to their biotic and abiotic actors within envionrment

Question 3

biotic factors

Answer 3

living factors which have impact on feeding, predator- prey symbiotic, mutualistic or other forms of interdependent relationships eg. fungi, bacteria, plants, animals

Question 4

abiotic factors

Answer 4

non living physical factors, have influence on specific adaptations of organism to live in their respective habitat eg.air, light, temperature, mineral, PH, humidity

Question 5

describe abiotic factors of high habitat

Answer 5

UV radiation, low temp, water scarcity, frozen soil (permafrost), makes rooting and absorption of nutrients and water difficult

Question 6

describe abiotic factors of dry habitat

Answer 6

water conservation challenge, tolerance of high salt concentration hinders water uptake via osmosis, sand retains little water and contains little organic matter ( normally helps store water)

Question 7

describe abiotic factors of waterlogged habitat

Answer 7

mangrove swamps develop in tropic and subtropics where they grow in sheltered conditions and where mud accumulates, soil is waterlogged, anaerobic and with high salt conc (due to evaporation of water)

Question 8

adaptation= white reflective and wooly hair; purpose of structure

Answer 8

intercept and deenergise harmful UV radiation before reaches plant cell
limits water evaporation
trap heat, reduce transpiration, protect against wind

Question 9

adaptation= small leaves, stunted growth to stay low on ground; purpose of structure

Answer 9

help conserve energy and withstand challenging conditions eg. strong winds, also minimise water loss via transpiration, also help plants access soil at slightly warmer temperatures

Question 10

adaptation= thick fleshy leaves (just like succulents); purpose of structure

Answer 10

reduce water loss, protect against harmful UV, hold moisture

Question 11

1.thick waxy covering on leaves (cuticle),
2.leaves that can roll up during droughts,
3.stomata (pores in leafs) in indentations, reason for structure, in plants growing in sand dunes

Answer 11

1- reduces water loss through transpiration
2- rolled up leaves create a humid hamper and reduce exposure to wind (reducing transpiration)
3- stomata in indentations keep humid air with no exposure to wind

Question 12

underground stems, reason for structure, in plants growing in sand dunes

Answer 12

provide stability, extend deep into ground to obtain water

Question 13

accumulation of carbs in roots and leaf cell reason for structure, in plants growing in sand dunes

Answer 13

storage of sugars increase osmotic potential + helps to absorb water

Question 14

pneumaticophores nd cable roots, reason for structure, in plants growing in waterlogged soil

Answer 14

pneumatophers are vertical roots which grow in the air +absorb oxygen
cable roots provide stability and often grow close to the ground to absorb oxygen

Question 15

stilt roots growing in a downward arch from the stem reason for structure, in plants growing in waterlogged soil

Answer 15

anchor the trees into the ground and increase stability

Question 16

buyount seeds reason for structure, in plants growing in waterlogged soil

Answer 16

can be carried away by ocean currents and allow dispersal to fertile soil

Question 17

salt glands in leaves reason for structure, in plants growing in waterlogged soil

Answer 17

excess salt removal due to increased salt water potential

Question 18

distribution maps

Answer 18

reflect factors that affect species, especially abiotic factors by showing the distribution of a species in its natural habitat

Question 19

what are animal distributions affected by

Answer 19

water aviliability, temp

Question 20

what are plant distributions affected by

Answer 20

temp, water avilability, light intesnity, soil ph, soil salinity, availability of mineral nutrients

Question 21

what are prime abiotic factors for the edelweis

Answer 21

high altitude, mountainoues regions
cold climates, cool summers, harsh winters
well drained, rocky, mineral rich soils
full sunlight
well drianed conditions
some wind exposure

Question 22

high altitude, mountainoues regions
cold climates, cool summers, harsh winters
well drained, rocky, mineral rich soils
full sunlight
well drianed conditions
some wind exposure

what plant is found in this conditions

Answer 22

edelweis

Question 23

what are prime abiotic factors for the willow

Answer 23

abundant moisture eg.riverbanks
deeply, loamy, well drained soil
withstand old winters and warm summers
full sun, open areas
slightly acidic to neutral soil
wind sheltered, near water bodies

Question 24

abundant moisture eg.riverbanks
deeply, loamy, well drained soil
withstand old winters and warm summers
full sun, open areas
slightly acidic to neutral soil
wind sheltered, near water bodies

what species thrive in these conditions

Answer 24

willow

Question 25

what are prime abiotic factors for the globeflower

Answer 25

moist well drained soil, rich organic matter consistent moisture, found damp meadows, wetalnds partial shade flourish full sunlight o light shade cool to moderate temp mountanous regions, higher elevations acidic to neutral soil ph

Question 26

moist well drained soil, rich organic matter consistent moisture, found damp meadows, wetalnds partial shade flourish full sunlight o light shade cool to moderate temp mountanous regions, higher elevations acidic to neutral soil ph what plant thrives in these conditions

Answer 26

globeflower

Question 27

what are prime abiotic factors for the pasqueflower

Answer 27

full sunlight welldrained soil alkaine, limestone based soils

Question 28

full sunlight welldrained soil alkaine, limestone based soils what plant thrives in these conditions

Answer 28

pasqueflower

Question 29

what are prime abiotic factors for the swiss stone pine

Answer 29

cold harsh climate, subalpine zone fresh humid deep well drained soil acidic raw soils

Question 30

cold harsh climate, subalpine zone fresh humid deep well drained soil acidic raw soils what plant thrives in these conditions

Answer 30

swiss stone pine

Question 31

how can you investigate the range of tolerance of a limiting factor

Answer 31

transect can be used, different types of smapling data with transects

Question 32

what are the two types of transects

Answer 32

line transect belt transect

Question 33

when and how is a line transect used

Answer 33

organisms found at regular sample points, recorded, line with specific points equal distance apart, t these points measure amount of an organism found

Question 34

when and how is a belt transect used

Answer 34

quadrants placed at regular sample points and abundance of organisms within each are recorded

Question 35

what are coral reefs

Answer 35

biodiverse marine ecosystems, only able to develop in conditions suitable for hard corals, corals are animal share mutualistic relationships with algael cells= zooxanthellae which perform photosynthesis

Question 36

what are the conditions which coral reef need to form

Answer 36

low depth- so that light can penetrate and photosynthesis can be carried out clarity- turbidity prevents light penetration salinity- avoid osmotic problems warm temp- optimal temp for coral and zooxanthellae ph- above 7or 8 allow deposition of CaCO3 in coral skeleton

Question 37

biome

Answer 37

biogeographical unit consisting of biological commmunity that has formed in response to physical enviornment in whcih they are found and shared regional climate groups of ecosystems with similiar communities due to similar abiotic conditions and convergent evolution

Question 38

what are two factors which determine the distribution of terrestrial biomes

Answer 38

earth temperature and annual rainfall

Question 39

the species composition of an organism varies based on what

Answer 39

depending on geographical location but adaptations are likely to be similiar

Question 40

what are the different biomes

Answer 40

tropical, temperate,taiga (boreal), desert, grassland, tanara

Question 41

tropical

Answer 41

temp= high seasonal variation= minimal precipitation=high plant communities include=very high plant biodiversity

Question 42

temperate

Answer 42

temp= medium seasonal variation= warm summers and cold winters spring and autumn precipitation=medium/high include=broad leafed trees which loose leaves in colder season

Question 43

taiga (boreal)

Answer 43

temp= low seasonal variation= short summers and long cold winters precipitation=medium/high plant communities include=evergreen forests dominated by conifer trees

Question 44

desert

Answer 44

temp= high seasonal variation= minimal variation precipitation=very low plant communities include=little vegetation often with spines for leaves adapted for water conservation

Question 45

grassland

Answer 45

temp= high/medium seasonal variation= dry and cold seasons precipitation=medium/high plant communities include=grass species little significant tree growth because of lack of water

Question 46

tandra

Answer 46

temp= very low seasonal variation= short summers very cold winters precipitation= medium/low plant communities include=no trees because lack water, short growing season soil frosen most year so little growth

Question 47

plants growing in the tundra all share similiar adaptations to abiotic enviornemnt no matter where in the world they grow, what are they

Answer 47

grow typically close to ground small in heihgt, slow growing, hair to trap heat, germinate flower set seeds within very short growing season their waxy leaves help to perserve water and shallow root system avoids permafrost

Question 48

what are some adaptations to life in hot deserts and tropical rainforests cacti

Answer 48

spines instead of eaves- reduce water loss, protect against predators thick waxy cuticle- reduce water loss, reflect heat photosynthetic stems- store water and other resources CAM- photosynthetic pathway allow cacti acquire CO2 at night cooling ribs when sudden temp change- cacti close stomate, adjust metabolic activity, alter growing pattern contourned surface

Question 49

feenec fox adaptations to desert

Answer 49

large ears- release excess heat, thermoregulate light coloured fur- reflects heat, camouflage with sand efficient kidneys- dont waste water furry feet- protect hot sand, help dig panting- increase breathing rate, regulates temo button nose- help pinpoint prey, even when burried

Question 50

spider monkey adatations to tropical rainforest

Answer 50

long tails- grasp bracnhes, swing hang light bodies- easily swing long arms- reahc things, climb scare predatos- jump, shake, scream sleep dense canopies- avoid predators

Question 51

blue poison dart adpatations to tropical rainforest

Answer 51

bright coloration- warning to predators of skin containing toxins sticky tongue- catch fast moving preys toxins in skin- stun or kill predatirs sense vision-very good, help catch preys

Question 52

philodendron adaptations to tropical rainforest

Answer 52

climbing- allow reach sulihgt, modified roots wrap tree trunks aerial roots- provide support, absorb nutrients, take up moisture from air leaf shape- flexibility maximise esposure to light for photosynthesis, large broad leaves